Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/sumpa

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

Unknown.

Adjective

*sumpa

1. tight, compact, dense

Noun

*sumpa

1. crowd, cluster

Inflection

Inflection of *sumpa

Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
		singular	plural
nominative		*sumpa	*sumbat
accusative		*sumban	*sumbat
genitive		*sumban	*sumpadën *sumpëidën
partitive		*sumpada	*sumpëida
inessive		*sumbassa *sumbahna	*sumbëissa *sumbëihna
elative		*sumbasta	*sumbëista
illative		*sumpahën	*sumpëihën
adessive		*sumballa	*sumbëilla
ablative		*sumbalta	*sumbëilta
allative		*sumpalën *sumpalëk	*sumpëilën *sumpëilëk
essive		*sumpana	*sumpëina
translative		*sumbaksi	*sumbëiksi
instructive		*sumban	*sumbëin
comitative		*sumpanëk	*sumpëinëk
abessive		*sumbatta	*sumbëitta

Descendants

• Estonian: summ, (dialectal) sumb
• Finnish: (dialectal) sumpa
• Karelian:
  • North Karelian: šumpa
  • South Karelian: šumba
• Livvi: sumbu
• Ludian: sumb
• Võro: summ

From *suma:

• Finnish: suma
• Karelian:
  • North Karelian: šuma
  • South Karelian: šuma
• Livvi: suma

Further reading

• “summ”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
• Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “suma”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words]‎^[2] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN