Reconstruction:Proto-Georgian-Zan/ɣrma-

This Proto-Georgian-Zan entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Georgian-Zan

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European, compare Ancient Greek ὄρυγμα (órugma, “ditch, trench”).

Noun

*ɣrma-

1. hole, pit

Descendants

• Old Georgian: ღრმაჲ (ɣrmay, “deep”)
  • Georgian: ღრმა (ɣrma), რღმა (rɣma), ღმა (ɣma), რღიმე (rɣime)
• Zan:
  • Laz: ღორმა (ğorma)
  • ⇒ Mingrelian: ინორღომა (inorɣoma, “deepening”), რღომაჯა (rɣomaǯa, “hollow tree”)
• →? Old Armenian: խրամ (xram, “ditch”) (see there for further descendants)

Related terms

• *ɣarda- (possibly)

References

• Klimov, G. A. (1998) Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages (Trends in linguistics. Documentation; 16), New York, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, pages 233–234
• Климов, Г. А. (1994) Древнейшие индоевропеизмы картвельских языков [The Oldest Indo-Europeanisms in Kartvelian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Nasledie, →ISBN, pages 152–154
• Penrixi (Fähnrich), Hainc, Sarǯvelaʒe, Zurab (2000) Kartvelur enata eṭimologiuri leksiḳoni [Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages] (in Georgian), 2nd edition, Tbilisi: Tbilisi Sulkhan-Saba Orbeliani State University Press, page 518
• Fähnrich, Heinz (2007) Kartwelisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch [Kartvelian Etymological Dictionary] (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.18) (in German), Leiden, Boston: Brill, pages 495–496
• Starostin, S. A. (2005) “*ɣrma-”, in Kartvelian etymological database compiled on the basis of G. Klimov's and Fähnrich-Sarjveladze's etymological dictionaries of Kartvelian languages