ὄρυγμα

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From ὀρῠ́σσω (orússō, “to dig”) +‎ -μᾰ (-ma).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ó.ryŋ.ma/ → /ˈo.ryɣ.ma/ → /ˈo.riɣ.ma/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ó.ryŋ.ma/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈo.ryɡ.ma/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈo.ryɣ.ma/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈo.ryɣ.ma/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈo.riɣ.ma/

Noun

ὄρῠγμᾰ • (órugma) n (genitive ὀρῠ́γμᾰτος); third declension

1. trench, ditch, moat

   Synonyms: κᾰ́πετος (kápetos), τᾰ́φρος (táphros)

2. tunnel, mine, excavation
3. (at Athens) pit into which condemned criminals were thrown

   Synonym: βᾰ́ρᾰθρον (bárathron)

Inflection

Third declension of τὸ ὄρῠγμᾰ; τοῦ ὀρῠ́γμᾰτος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ ὄρῠγμᾰ tò órugma	τὼ ὀρῠ́γμᾰτε tṑ orúgmate	τᾰ̀ ὀρῠ́γμᾰτᾰ tà orúgmata
Genitive	τοῦ ὀρῠ́γμᾰτος toû orúgmatos	τοῖν ὀρῠγμᾰ́τοιν toîn orugmátoin	τῶν ὀρῠγμᾰ́των tôn orugmátōn
Dative	τῷ ὀρῠ́γμᾰτῐ tôi orúgmati	τοῖν ὀρῠγμᾰ́τοιν toîn orugmátoin	τοῖς ὀρῠ́γμᾰσῐ / ὀρῠ́γμᾰσῐν toîs orúgmasi(n)
Accusative	τὸ ὄρῠγμᾰ tò órugma	τὼ ὀρῠ́γμᾰτε tṑ orúgmate	τᾰ̀ ὀρῠ́γμᾰτᾰ tà orúgmata
Vocative	ὄρῠγμᾰ órugma	ὀρῠ́γμᾰτε orúgmate	ὀρῠ́γμᾰτᾰ orúgmata
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Further reading

• “ὄρυγμα”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ὄρυγμα”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• ὄρυγμα in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette