Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bisaulijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *bi- +‎ *saulijaną.

Verb

*bisaulijaną

to make dirty, defile, pollute

Inflection

Conjugation of *bisaulijaną (weak class 1)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*bisaulijō	*bisaulijaų	—	*bisaulijai	?
2nd singular	*bisaulīsi	*bisaulijais	*bisaulī	*bisaulijasai	*bisaulijaisau
3rd singular	*bisaulīþi	*bisaulijai	*bisaulijaþau	*bisaulijaþai	*bisaulijaiþau
1st dual	*bisaulijōs	*bisaulijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*bisaulijaþiz	*bisaulijaiþiz	*bisaulijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*bisaulijamaz	*bisaulijaim	—	*bisaulijanþai	*bisaulijainþau
2nd plural	*bisaulīþ	*bisaulijaiþ	*bisaulīþ	*bisaulijanþai	*bisaulijainþau
3rd plural	*bisaulijanþi	*bisaulijain	*bisaulijanþau	*bisaulijanþai	*bisaulijainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*bisaulidǭ	*bisaulidēdį̄
2nd singular	*bisaulidēz	*bisaulidēdīz
3rd singular	*bisaulidē	*bisaulidēdī
1st dual	*bisaulidēdū	*bisaulidēdīw
2nd dual	*bisaulidēdudiz	*bisaulidēdīdiz
1st plural	*bisaulidēdum	*bisaulidēdīm
2nd plural	*bisaulidēdud	*bisaulidēdīd
3rd plural	*bisaulidēdun	*bisaulidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*bisaulijandz	*bisaulidaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *bisaulijan
- Old English: *besīelan, *besȳlan
  - Middle English: biselen, bisuylen, bisuelen, bysoylen, besoylen (influenced in form by Middle English soil)
    - English: besoil
- Old Saxon: *bisōlian
  - Middle Low German: besö̂len
    - German Low German: besölen
Gothic: 𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (bisauljan)