Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/biwandijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Causative of *biwindaną, equivalent to *bi- +‎ *wandijaną.

Verb

*biwandijaną

to cause to turn around
(reflexive) to turn oneself from

Inflection

Conjugation of *biwandijaną (weak class 1)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*biwandijō	*biwandijaų	—	*biwandijai	?
2nd singular	*biwandīsi	*biwandijais	*biwandī	*biwandijasai	*biwandijaisau
3rd singular	*biwandīþi	*biwandijai	*biwandijaþau	*biwandijaþai	*biwandijaiþau
1st dual	*biwandijōs	*biwandijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*biwandijaþiz	*biwandijaiþiz	*biwandijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*biwandijamaz	*biwandijaim	—	*biwandijanþai	*biwandijainþau
2nd plural	*biwandīþ	*biwandijaiþ	*biwandīþ	*biwandijanþai	*biwandijainþau
3rd plural	*biwandijanþi	*biwandijain	*biwandijanþau	*biwandijanþai	*biwandijainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*biwandidǭ	*biwandidēdį̄
2nd singular	*biwandidēz	*biwandidēdīz
3rd singular	*biwandidē	*biwandidēdī
1st dual	*biwandidēdū	*biwandidēdīw
2nd dual	*biwandidēdudiz	*biwandidēdīdiz
1st plural	*biwandidēdum	*biwandidēdīm
2nd plural	*biwandidēdud	*biwandidēdīd
3rd plural	*biwandidēdun	*biwandidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*biwandijandz	*biwandidaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *biwandijan
- Old English: bewendan
  - Middle English: biwenden, bewenden
    - English: bewend
- Old Frisian: *biwenda
  - ⇒ Old Frisian: biwend m
- Old Saxon: biwendian
  - Middle Low German: bewenden
    - German Low German: bewenden, bewennen
- Old Dutch: *biwenden
  - Middle Dutch: bewenden
    - Dutch: bewenden
- Old High German: biwenten
  - Middle High German: bewenden
    - German: bewenden
Gothic: 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (biwandjan)