Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gōdaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Vṛddhi gerundive of otherwise unattested strong verb *gadaną, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰedʰ- (“to unite, be associated, suit”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɣɔː.ðɑz/

Adjective

*gōdaz (adverb *wela, comparative *batizô, superlative *batistaz)

1. good

   Synonym: *bataz

   Antonym: *ubilaz

Inflection

Declension of *gōdaz (a-stem)

Strong declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*gōdaz	*gōdai	*gōdō	*gōdôz	*gōdą, -atō	*gōdō
Accusative	*gōdanǭ	*gōdanz	*gōdǭ	*gōdōz	*gōdą, -atō	*gōdō
Genitive	*gōdas, -is	*gōdaizǫ̂	*gōdaizōz	*gōdaizǫ̂	*gōdas, -is	*gōdaizǫ̂
Dative	*gōdammai	*gōdaimaz	*gōdaizōi	*gōdaimaz	*gōdammai	*gōdaimaz
Instrumental	*gōdanō	*gōdaimiz	*gōdaizō	*gōdaimiz	*gōdanō	*gōdaimiz
Weak declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*gōdô	*gōdaniz	*gōdǭ	*gōdōniz	*gōdô	*gōdōnō
Accusative	*gōdanų	*gōdanunz	*gōdōnų	*gōdōnunz	*gōdô	*gōdōnō
Genitive	*gōdiniz	*gōdanǫ̂	*gōdōniz	*gōdōnǫ̂	*gōdiniz	*gōdanǫ̂
Dative	*gōdini	*gōdammaz	*gōdōni	*gōdōmaz	*gōdini	*gōdammaz
Instrumental	*gōdinē	*gōdammiz	*gōdōnē	*gōdōmiz	*gōdinē	*gōdammiz

Derived terms

• *gōdalīkaz
• *gōdį̄
• *gōdiją
• *gōdijaną
• *gōdingaz
• *gōdiskǭ
• *gōdisōną
• *Gōdawiniz (Goodwin)

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *gōd
  • Old English: gōd
    • Middle English: good, god, gode, goed, gude
      • English: good, goode (obsolete)
        • Solombala English: гудъ (gud), гутъ (gut)
      • Scots: guid
      • Yola: gooude, gude, gayde
  • Old Frisian: gōd
    • North Frisian:

      Föhr-Amrum: gud

      Sylt: gur

    • Saterland Frisian: goud
    • West Frisian: goed
  • Old Saxon: gōd
    • Middle Low German: gôt, gût
      • German Low German: good
      • Dutch Low Saxon: good
  • Old Dutch: guot
    • Middle Dutch: goet
      • Dutch: goed
        • Afrikaans: goed
        • Javindo: goet
        • Jersey Dutch: xût
        • Negerhollands: goed, goei, goeie, got, gu, gue, guet
        • Skepi Creole Dutch: gut
      • Limburgish: good
      • Zealandic: goed
  • Old High German: guot
    • Middle High German: guot
      • Alemannic German: guet

        Alsatian: güet (north), güat (south)

        Swabian: guat

      • Bavarian: guad, guat

        Cimbrian: guut, guat (Luserna)

        Mòcheno: guat

      • Central Franconian: jot, got, gut

        Hunsrik: gud

        Kölsch: joot

        Luxembourgish: gutt

        Transylvanian Saxon: geat, gäd

      • East Central German:

        Silesian East Central German: gutt (inflected gud-)

        ⇒ Silesian East Central German: Gudes (as in nischt Gudes, viel Gudes)

        Upper Saxon German: gudd

        Vilamovian: güt

      • German: gut
      • Yiddish: גוט (gut)
• Old Norse: góðr
  • Icelandic: góður
  • Faroese: góður
  • Norwegian: god
  • Elfdalian: guoð
  • Old Swedish: gōþer
    • Swedish: god, goder (dialectal, in set phrases)
  • Old Danish: gōth, (Old Scanian) gōþær
    • Danish: god
    • Scanian: góðer
  • Old Gutnish: gōþr
    • Gutnish: godar
• Gothic: 𐌲𐍉𐌸𐍃 (gōþs)
• Vandalic: *guths