Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gabbōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Kroonen reconstructs an iterative verb *gʰHbʰnéh₂- derived from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₂- (“to gape, be wide open”), but only the variant with a geminate -bb- in the root is actually attested in the descendants.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɣɑb.bɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*gabbōną

1. to joke, to mock
2. to laugh

Inflection

Conjugation of *gabbōną (weak class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*gabbō	*gabbǭ	—	*gabbōi	?
2nd singular	*gabbōsi	*gabbōs	*gabbō	*gabbōsai	*gabbōsau
3rd singular	*gabbōþi	*gabbō	*gabbōþau	*gabbōþai	*gabbōþau
1st dual	*gabbōs	*gabbōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*gabbōþiz	*gabbōþiz	*gabbōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*gabbōmaz	*gabbōm	—	*gabbōnþai	*gabbōnþau
2nd plural	*gabbōþ	*gabbōþ	*gabbōþ	*gabbōnþai	*gabbōnþau
3rd plural	*gabbōnþi	*gabbōn	*gabbōnþau	*gabbōnþai	*gabbōnþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*gabbōdǭ	*gabbōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*gabbōdēz	*gabbōdēdīz
3rd singular	*gabbōdē	*gabbōdēdī
1st dual	*gabbōdēdū	*gabbōdēdīw
2nd dual	*gabbōdēdudiz	*gabbōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*gabbōdēdum	*gabbōdēdīm
2nd plural	*gabbōdēdud	*gabbōdēdīd
3rd plural	*gabbōdēdun	*gabbōdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*gabbōndz	*gabbōdaz

Related terms

• *gapōną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *gabbōn
  • Old English: *gabbian, gabban
    • Middle English: gabben
      • English: gab
        • ⇒ English: gabble (possibly borrowed from Dutch)
  • Old Frisian: gabbia
    • ⇒ Saterland Frisian: gabbelje
    • West Frisian: gabbje
  • Old Saxon: *gabbōn
    • Middle Low German: gabben
      • ⇒ German Low German: gabbeln
  • Old Dutch: *gabbon
    • Middle Dutch: gabben
      • Dutch: gabben
        • →⇒ Swedish: begabba
        • ⇒ Dutch: gabbelen
      • ⇒ Dutch: ginnegappen, ginnegabben, ginnegaffen
• Old Norse: gabba
  • Icelandic: gabba
  • → Old French: gaber, gaiber, jaber
    • Middle French: gaber
      • French: gaber