Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/haupaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

*hūpô, *hūfô

Etymology

From earlier *hauppaz, reflecting pre-Germanic *kouHp-nó- or *keh₂up-nó-, probably part of an ablauting n-stem paradigm *haufô ~ *huppaz, from which *hūpô also split off; ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂wp- (“heap, pile”), a stem of unusual formation. Related to Proto-Slavic *kupъ (“heap”), Lithuanian kaũpas (“heap”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈxɑu̯.pɑz/

Noun

*haupaz m

(West Germanic) heap, pile
(West Germanic) crowd, throng

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *haupaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*haupaz	haupōz, haupōs
vocative	*haup	haupōz, haupōs
accusative	*haupą	*haupanz
genitive	haupas, haupis	*haupǫ̂
dative	*haupai	*haupamaz
instrumental	*haupō	*haupamiz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *haup
- Old English: hēap
  - Middle English: hepe, heep
    - English: heap
    - Scots: hepe, heip
- Old Frisian: hāp
  - Saterland Frisian: Hoop
  - West Frisian: heap
- Old Saxon: hōp
  - Middle Low German: hôp
    - German Low German: Hoop
    - → Old Norse: hópr
      - Icelandic: hópur
      - Faroese: hópur
      - Norwegian: hop
      - Danish: hob
      - Swedish: hop
- Old Dutch: *hōp
  - Middle Dutch: hôop
    - Dutch: hoop
      - Afrikaans: hoop
    - Limburgish: houp
- Old High German: houf
  - Middle High German: houf
    - German: Haufen (merged with *hūpô)
- → Old French: houpe
  - Middle French: houppe
    - French: houppe