Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hnuppōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *knebʰ- (“to pick”). Kroonen suggests that the strong verb *hneupaną was derived from this iterative verb.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈxnup.pɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*hnuppōną

1. To tear off

Inflection

The original paradigm consisted of two stem variants, *hnupp- in the singular against *hnub- in the non-singular.

Conjugation of *hnuppōną (weak class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*hnuppō	*hnuppǭ	—	*hnuppōi	?
2nd singular	*hnuppōsi	*hnuppōs	*hnuppō	*hnuppōsai	*hnuppōsau
3rd singular	*hnuppōþi	*hnuppō	*hnuppōþau	*hnuppōþai	*hnuppōþau
1st dual	*hnuppōs	*hnuppōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*hnuppōþiz	*hnuppōþiz	*hnuppōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*hnuppōmaz	*hnuppōm	—	*hnuppōnþai	*hnuppōnþau
2nd plural	*hnuppōþ	*hnuppōþ	*hnuppōþ	*hnuppōnþai	*hnuppōnþau
3rd plural	*hnuppōnþi	*hnuppōn	*hnuppōnþau	*hnuppōnþai	*hnuppōnþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*hnuppōdǭ	*hnuppōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*hnuppōdēz	*hnuppōdēdīz
3rd singular	*hnuppōdē	*hnuppōdēdī
1st dual	*hnuppōdēdū	*hnuppōdēdīw
2nd dual	*hnuppōdēdudiz	*hnuppōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*hnuppōdēdum	*hnuppōdēdīm
2nd plural	*hnuppōdēdud	*hnuppōdēdīd
3rd plural	*hnuppōdēdun	*hnuppōdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*hnuppōndz	*hnuppōdaz

Related terms

• *hnappōną
• *hnuppô
• *hnappaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *hnoppōn
  • Old English: hnoppian
    • >? Middle English: noppen (suggested to have been borrowed from Middle Dutch instead)
  • Old Saxon: *hnoppōn
    • Middle Low German: noppen
  • Old Dutch: *noppon
    • Middle Dutch: noppen
      • Dutch: noppen
      • →? Middle English: noppen
  • Old High German: nopfōn, *noppōn
    • Middle High German: noppen
      • Alemannic German: noppen
• Old Norse:
  • Elfdalian: nuppa
  • >? Swedish: noppa