Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kalmaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

• *kalmǭ

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“to be cold, freeze”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkɑl.mɑz/

Noun

*kalmaz m

1. coldness, freeze, frost, frozenness

Declension

masculine a-stemDeclension of *kalmaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*kalmaz	*kalmōz, *kalmōs
vocative	*kalm	*kalmōz, *kalmōs
accusative	*kalmą	*kalmanz
genitive	*kalmas, *kalmis	*kalmǫ̂
dative	*kalmai	*kalmamaz
instrumental	*kalmō	*kalmamiz

Derived terms

• *kalmijô

Related terms

• *kalaną
• *kōluz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *kalm, *kalmā
  • Old High German: *chalm
    • ⇒ Old High German: āchalm, āhhalm
  • Lombardic: *chalm, *chalma
    • →? Old Italian: calma
      • → Old French: calme
        • → Middle English: calme, calm
          • English: calm