calm

EnglishEdit

Alternative formsEdit

calme (obsolete)

EtymologyEdit

From Middle English calm, calme, from Old French calme, probably from Old Italian calma, of uncertain origin. Calma may derive from Late Latin cauma (“heat of the midday sun”), from Ancient Greek καῦμα (kaûma, “heat, especially of the sun”), from καίω (kaíō, “I burn”), or possibly from Latin caleō. Compare also Proto-Germanic *kalmaz (“frozenness, cold”).

PronunciationEdit

(UK) IPA^(key): /kɑːm/
(US) IPA^(key): /kɑ(l)m/, /kɔ(ː)m/
(Ireland) IPA^(key): /ˈkæm/
Audio (US)
(file)
Rhymes: -ɑːm
(nonstandard, now chiefly dialect) IPA^(key): /kaɹm/

AdjectiveEdit

calm (comparative calmer or more calm, superlative calmest or most calm)

(of a person) Peaceful, quiet, especially free from anger and anxiety.
(of a place or situation) Free of noise and disturbance.
(of water) with few or no waves on the surface; not rippled.
Without wind or storm.

SynonymsEdit

See also Thesaurus:calm

AntonymsEdit

(free from anger and anxiety): stressed, nervous, anxious
(free of noise and disturbance): disturbed
(without wind or storm): windy, stormy

Derived termsEdit

TranslationsEdit

free from anger and anxiety

Apache:
Western Apache: nkegohenʼą́ą́go
Arabic: هَادِئ‎ (hādiʾ)
Aymara: aliqa (ay)
Bashkir: тыныс (tïnïs)
Belarusian: спако́йны (spakójny)
Bulgarian: спокоен (bg) (spokoen)
Catalan: calm (ca)
Chinese:
Mandarin: 平靜 (zh), 平静 (zh) (píngjìng), 安靜 (zh), 安静 (zh) (ānjìng)
Czech: klidný (cs) m
Danish: rolig (da)
Dutch: vredig (nl), kalm (nl)
Esperanto: trankvila (eo)
Finnish: rauhallinen (fi), tyyni (fi), levollinen (fi)
Galician: calmo m
Georgian: მშვიდი (mšvidi), წყნარი (ka) (c̣q̇nari)
German: ruhig
Greek: ήρεμος (el) (íremos)
Ancient: γαληνός (galēnós)
Hebrew: רגוע‎ (he) m (ragua)
Hindi: शांत (hi) (śānt)
Hungarian: nyugodt (hu)
Italian: calmo (it)
Japanese: 穏やかな (ja) (odayaka na), 静かな (ja) (shizuka na), 平穏な (ja) (heion na)
Korean: 고요하다 (ko) (goyohada), 잠잠하다 (ko) (jamjamhada)
Latgalian: romons, mīrons
Latin: tranquillus, sēdātus

Latvian: rāms (lv)
Lithuanian: ramus (lt)
Macedonian: мирен (miren)
Maori: mauritau
Norwegian Bokmål: rolig (no)
Norwegian Nynorsk: roleg
Persian: آرام‎ (fa) (ârâm)
Polish: spokojny (pl) m, opanowany (pl) m
Portuguese: tranquilo (pt), calmo (pt), sossegado (pt)
Romanian: liniștit (ro), calm (ro)
Russian: споко́йный (ru) m (spokójnyj), ти́хий (ru) m (tíxij)
Scottish Gaelic: suaimhneach
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: миран

Roman: miran (sh)
Slovak: pokojný (sk)
Slovene: miren (sl)
Spanish: calmado (es)
Swedish: lugn (sv), rofylld (sv)
Tajik: ором (tg) (orom)
Tok Pisin: belisi
Turkish: sakin (tr), durgun (tr), dingin (tr)
Ukrainian: спокі́йний (spokíjnyj)
Venetian: cet (vec)

free of noise and disturbance

Bashkir: тыныс (tïnïs)
Bulgarian: тих (bg) (tih), мирен (bg) (miren)
Catalan: calm (ca)
Czech: klidný (cs) m
Danish: rolig (da), stille (da)
Dutch: kalm (nl), rustig (nl)
Esperanto: serena
Finnish: rauhallinen (fi), tyyni (fi), levollinen (fi)
French: calme (fr) m or f, tranquille (fr)
Georgian: წყნარი (ka) (c̣q̇nari), მშვიდი (mšvidi)
German: ruhig (de)
Greek: γαλήνιος (el) (galínios)
Hebrew: שלוו‎ (shalev)
Hungarian: csendes (hu)

Japanese: 平穏な (ja) (heion na), 泰平な (ja) (taihei na), 平静な (ja) (heisei na)
Latin: tranquillus
Luxembourgish: roueg
Norwegian Bokmål: rolig (no), fredelig (no)
Norwegian Nynorsk: roleg, fredeleg
Portuguese: tranquilo (pt), calmo (pt)
Romanian: liniștit (ro), calm (ro)
Russian: споко́йный (ru) (spokójnyj)
Scottish Gaelic: suaimhneach
Spanish: calmado (es)
Swedish: lugn (sv), stilla (sv)
Tatar: калим (qalim)
Turkish: sakin (tr), durgun (tr), dingin (tr)

(of water) with few or no waves on the surface

Danish: stille (da)
Dutch: kalm (nl)
Georgian: წყნარი (ka) (c̣q̇nari)
Greek:
Ancient: γαληνός (galēnós)
Hebrew: דִּמְמַת רוּחַ‎ (he) f (dimemat ruakh), גַּלֵּינֵי‎ (he) m (galeyney), שְׁטִיל‎ (he) m (shtil)
Maori: marino

Polish: spokojny (pl) m
Portuguese: tranquilo (pt), calmo (pt)
Romanian: liniștit (ro), calm (ro)
Swedish: stilla (sv)
Turkish: sakin (tr), durgun (tr), dingin (tr)
Westrobothnian: smul

without wind or storm

Bulgarian: безветрен (bg) (bezvetren)
Dutch: windstil (nl)
French: calme (fr) m or f
Georgian: წყნარი (ka) (c̣q̇nari)
German: windstill (de)
Japanese: 穏やかな (ja) (odayaka na), 無風の (mufū no)
Maori: tāhengihengi, mārū (of the weather)

Norwegian:
Bokmål: vindstille
Pitjantjatjara: atan
Romanian: liniștit (ro), calm (ro)
Spanish: calmado (es)
Swedish: vindstilla (sv)
Turkish: sakin (tr), dingin (tr)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

Irish: ^{(please verify)} calma

Mongolian: ^{(please verify)} дөлгөөн (mn) (dölgöön)

NounEdit

calm (countable and uncountable, plural calms)

(in a person) The state of being calm; peacefulness; absence of worry, anger, fear or other strong negative emotion.
(in a place or situation) The state of being calm; absence of noise and disturbance.
A period of time without wind.
- 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), imprinted at London: By Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, Mark 4:39:
  The wind ceased, and there was a great calm.

SynonymsEdit

See also Thesaurus:calmness

Derived termsEdit

ice-calm

TranslationsEdit

condition of being unworried and free from anger

Armenian: հանգստություն (hy) (hangstutʿyun), խաղաղություն (hy) (xałałutʿyun)
Bulgarian: спокойствие (bg) n (spokojstvie), покой (bg) m (pokoj)
Catalan: calma (ca) f
Chinese:
Mandarin: 平靜 (zh), 平静 (zh) (píngjìng)
Czech: klid (cs) m
Danish: ro (da) c
Dutch: sereniteit (nl) f
Finnish: rauhallisuus (fi), tyyneys (fi), levollisuus (fi)
Greek: ηρεμία (el) f (iremía)

Hebrew: רוגע‎ m (roga)
Japanese: 平穏 (ja) (heion), 平静 (ja) (heisei)
Polish: spokój (pl) m
Portuguese: calma (pt) f
Romanian: liniște (ro) f
Russian: поко́й (ru) m (pokój), споко́йствие (ru) n (spokójstvije)
Spanish: sosiego (es) m, calma (es) f
Swedish: ro (sv) c, lugn (sv) n
Turkish: sükûnet (tr), dinginlik (tr)

the state with absence of noise and disturbance

Armenian: հանգիստ (hy) (hangist), խաղաղություն (hy) (xałałutʿyun)
Bulgarian: тишина (bg) f (tišina)
Catalan: calma (ca) f
Danish: ro (da) c, stilhed (da)
Dutch: rust (nl) m or f
Finnish: rauhallisuus (fi), tyyneys (fi), levollisuus (fi)
German: Ruhe (de) f
Greek: γαλήνη (el) f (galíni), ησυχία (el) f (isychía)
Ancient: ἡσυχία f (hēsukhía)
Hebrew: שלווה‎ (he) f (shalva)

Japanese: 平安 (ja) (heian), 平静 (ja) (heisei)
Latin: quiēs f
Polish: spokój (pl) m
Portuguese: calma (pt) f, tranquilidade (pt) f, sossego (pt) m
Romanian: liniște (ro) f
Russian: поко́й (ru) m (pokój), тишина́ (ru) f (tišiná)
Spanish: sosiego (es) m
Swedish: ro (sv) c, stillhet (sv) c, lugn (sv) n
Tatar: калим (qalim)
Turkish: sükûnet (tr), dinginlik (tr)

period without wind

Bulgarian: безветрие (bg) n (bezvetrie), затишие (bg) n (zatišie)
Catalan: calma (ca) f
Danish: vindstille
Dutch: windstilte f
Estonian: tuulevaikus
Finnish: tyven (fi), tyyni (fi), pläkä
French: calme plat (fr) m, calme (fr) m
German: Windstille (de) f
Greek:
Ancient: γαλήνη f (galḗnē)
Japanese: 無風 (mufū)

Latin: malacia f
Maori: rahopē (refers to condition at sea), āio
Portuguese: calmaria (pt) f
Russian: зати́шье (ru) n (zatíšʹje), безве́трие (ru) n (bezvétrije), штиль (ru) m (štilʹ) (nautical)
Scottish Gaelic: fèath m or f
Spanish: calma (es) f
Swahili: shwari (sw)
Swedish: stiltje (sv), bleke (sv)
Turkish: dinginlik (tr)

VerbEdit

calm (third-person singular simple present calms, present participle calming, simple past and past participle calmed)

(transitive) To make calm.
to calm a crying baby

to calm the passions
- (Can we date this quote by Dryden and provide title, author’s full name, and other details?)
  to calm the tempest raised by Aeolus
(intransitive) To become calm.