calm

Contents

EnglishEdit

EtymologyEdit

Borrowed from Middle French calme, itself probably from Old Italian calma. Calma may derive from Late Latin cauma (“heat of the midday sun”), from Ancient Greek καῦμα (kaûma, “heat, especially of the sun”), from καίω (kaíō, “I burn”), or possibly from Latin caleō, from Ancient Greek (Doric) κάλεoς (káleos) (of the Ionic κήλεος (kḗleos, “burning”)). See also cauma.

PronunciationEdit

• (UK) IPA^(key): /kɑːm/
• (US) IPA^(key): /kɑ(l)m/, /kɔ(ː)m/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɑːm

AdjectiveEdit

calm (comparative calmer or more calm, superlative calmest or most calm)

1. (of a person) Peaceful, quiet, especially free from anger and anxiety.
2. (of a place or situation) Free of noise and disturbance.
3. (of water) with little waves on the surface.
4. Without wind or storm.

SynonymsEdit

• See also Thesaurus:calm

AntonymsEdit

• (free from anger and anxiety): stressed, nervous, anxious
• (free of noise and disturbance): disturbed
• (without wind or storm): windy, stormy

Derived termsEdit

• calm as a millpond
• ice-calm

TranslationsEdit

free from anger and anxiety

• Arabic: هَادِئ‎‎ (hādiʾ)
• Aymara: aliqa (ay)
• Bashkir: тыныс (tïnïs)
• Belarusian: спако́йны (spakójny)
• Bulgarian: спокоен (bg) (spokoen)
• Catalan: calm (ca)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 平靜 (zh), 平静 (zh) (píngjìng), 安靜 (zh), 安静 (zh) (ānjìng)

• Czech: klidný (cs) m
• Danish: rolig (da)
• Dutch: vredig (nl), kalm (nl)
• Esperanto: trankvila (eo)
• Finnish: rauhallinen (fi), tyyni (fi), levollinen (fi)
• Galician: calmo m
• Greek: ήρεμος (el) (íremos)
• Hebrew: רגוע‎‎ (he) m (ragua)
• Hindi: शांत (hi) (śānt)
• Hungarian: nyugodt (hu)
• Japanese: 穏やかな (odayaka na), 静かな (ja) (shizuka na), 平穏な (ja) (heion na)
• Korean: 고요하다 (ko) (goyohada), 잠잠하다 (ko) (jamjamhada)
• Latgalian: romons, mīrons
• Latvian: rāms (lv)
• Lithuanian: ramus (lt)
• Macedonian: мирен (miren)

• Maori: mauritau
• Norwegian Bokmål: rolig (no)
• Norwegian Nynorsk: roleg
• Persian: آرام‎‎ (fa) (ârâm)
• Polish: spokojny (pl) m, opanowany (pl) m
• Portuguese: tranquilo (pt), calmo (pt), sossegado (pt)
• Romanian: liniștit (ro), calm (ro)
• Russian: споко́йный (ru) m (spokójnyj), ти́хий (ru) m (tíxij)
• Scottish Gaelic: suaimhneach
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: миран

  Roman: miran (sh)

• Slovak: pokojný (sk)
• Slovene: miren (sl)
• Spanish: calmado (es)
• Swedish: lugn (sv), rofylld (sv)
• Tajik: ором (tg) (orom)
• Tok Pisin: belisi
• Turkish: sakin (tr), durgun (tr), dingin (tr)
• Ukrainian: спокі́йний (spokíjnyj)
• Venetian: cet (vec)

free of noise and disturbance

• Bashkir: тыныс (tïnïs)
• Bulgarian: тих (bg) (tih), мирен (bg) (miren)
• Catalan: calm (ca)
• Czech: klidný (cs) m
• Danish: rolig (da), stille (da)
• Dutch: kalm (nl), rustig (nl)
• Esperanto: serena
• Finnish: rauhallinen (fi), tyyni (fi), levollinen (fi)
• French: calme (fr) m, f, tranquille (fr)
• German: ruhig (de)
• Greek: γαλήνιος (el) (galínios)
• Hebrew: שלוו‎‎ (shalev)
• Hungarian: csendes (hu)

• Japanese: 平穏な (ja) (heion na), 泰平な (ja) (taihei na), 平静な (ja) (heisei na)
• Luxembourgish: roueg
• Norwegian Bokmål: rolig (no), fredelig (no)
• Norwegian Nynorsk: roleg, fredeleg
• Portuguese: tranquilo (pt), calmo (pt)
• Romanian: liniștit (ro), calm (ro)
• Russian: споко́йный (ru) (spokójnyj)
• Scottish Gaelic: suaimhneach
• Spanish: calmado (es)
• Swedish: lugn (sv), stilla (sv)
• Tatar: калим (qalim)
• Turkish: sakin (tr), durgun (tr), dingin (tr)

(of water) with little waves on the surface

• Danish: stille (da)
• Hebrew: דִּמְמַת רוּחַ‎‎ (he) f (dimemat ruakh), גַּלֵּינֵי‎‎ (he) m (galeyney), שְׁטִיל‎‎ (he) m (shtil)
• Maori: marino
• Polish: spokojny (pl) m
• Portuguese: tranquilo (pt), calmo (pt)

• Romanian: liniștit (ro), calm (ro)
• Swedish: stilla (sv)
• Turkish: sakin (tr), durgun (tr), dingin (tr)
• Westrobothnian: smul

without wind or storm

• French: calme (fr) m, f
• German: windstill (de)
• Japanese: 穏やかな (odayaka na), 無風の (mufū no)
• Maori: tāhengihengi, mārū (of the weather)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: vindstille

• Pitjantjatjara: atan
• Romanian: liniștit (ro), calm (ro)
• Spanish: calmado (es)
• Swedish: vindstilla (sv)
• Turkish: sakin (tr), dingin (tr)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout#Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Irish: ^{(please verify)} calma

• Mongolian: ^{(please verify)} дөлгөөн (mn) (dölgöön)

NounEdit

calm (countable and uncountable, plural calms)

1. (in a person) The state of being calm; peacefulness; absence of worry, anger, fear or other strong negative emotion.
2. (in a place or situation) The state of being calm; absence of noise and disturbance.
3. A period of time without wind.
   • Bible, Mark iv. 39

     The wind ceased, and there was a great calm.

SynonymsEdit

• See also Thesaurus:calmness

Derived termsEdit

• ice-calm

TranslationsEdit

condition of being unworried and free from anger

• Armenian: հանգստություն (hy) (hangstutʿyun), խաղաղություն (hy) (xałałutʿyun)
• Bulgarian: спокойствие (bg) n (spokojstvie), покой (bg) m (pokoj)
• Catalan: calma (ca) f
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 平靜 (zh), 平静 (zh) (píngjìng)

• Czech: klid (cs) m
• Danish: ro (da) c
• Dutch: sereniteit (nl) f
• Finnish: rauhallisuus (fi), tyyneys (fi), levollisuus (fi)
• Greek: ηρεμία (el) f (iremía)

• Hebrew: רוגע‎‎ m (roga)
• Japanese: 平穏 (ja) (heion), 平静 (ja) (heisei)
• Polish: spokój (pl) m
• Portuguese: calma (pt) f
• Romanian: liniște (ro) f
• Russian: поко́й (ru) m (pokój), споко́йствие (ru) n (spokójstvije)
• Spanish: sosiego (es) m, calma (es) f
• Swedish: ro (sv) c, lugn (sv) n
• Turkish: sükûnet (tr), dinginlik (tr)

the state with absence of noise and disturbance

• Armenian: հանգիստ (hy) (hangist), խաղաղություն (hy) (xałałutʿyun)
• Bulgarian: тишина (bg) f (tišina)
• Catalan: calma (ca) f
• Danish: ro (da) c, stilhed (da)
• Dutch: rust (nl) m, f
• Finnish: rauhallisuus (fi), tyyneys (fi), levollisuus (fi)
• German: Ruhe (de) f
• Greek: γαλήνη (el) f (galíni), ησυχία (el) f (isychía)
• Hebrew: שלווה‎‎ (he) f (shalva)

• Japanese: 平安 (ja) (heian), 平静 (ja) (heisei)
• Polish: spokój (pl) m
• Portuguese: calma (pt) f, tranquilidade (pt) f, sossego (pt) m
• Romanian: liniște (ro) f
• Russian: поко́й (ru) m (pokój), тишина́ (ru) f (tišiná)
• Spanish: sosiego (es) m
• Swedish: ro (sv) c, stillhet (sv) c, lugn (sv) n
• Tatar: калим (qalim)
• Turkish: sükûnet (tr), dinginlik (tr)

period without wind

• Bulgarian: безветрие (bg) n (bezvetrie), затишие (bg) n (zatišie)
• Catalan: calma (ca) f
• Danish: vindstille
• Dutch: windstilte f
• Finnish: tyven (fi), tyyni (fi), pläkä
• French: calme plat (fr) m, calme (fr) m
• German: Windstille (de) f
• Greek:

  Ancient: γαλήνη f (galḗnē)

• Japanese: 無風 (mufū)
• Maori: rahopē (refers to condition at sea), āio
• Portuguese: calmaria (pt) f
• Russian: зати́шье (ru) n (zatíšʹje), безве́трие (ru) n (bezvétrije), штиль (ru) m (štilʹ) (nautical)
• Scottish Gaelic: fèath m, f
• Spanish: calma (es) f
• Swahili: shwari (sw)
• Swedish: stiltje (sv), bleke (sv)
• Turkish: dinginlik (tr)

VerbEdit

calm (third-person singular simple present calms, present participle calming, simple past and past participle calmed)

1. (transitive) To make calm.

   to calm a crying baby

   to calm the passions

   • Dryden

     to calm the tempest raised by Aeolus

2. (intransitive) To become calm.

SynonymsEdit

• allay, calm down, cool off, ease, pacify, quieten, soothe, subdue

TranslationsEdit

to make calm

• Bulgarian: успокоявам (bg) (uspokojavam), усмирявам (bg) (usmirjavam)
• Catalan: calmar (ca)
• Czech: uklidnit
• Danish: berolige
• Dutch: kalmeren (nl), gerust stellen
• Finnish: tyynnyttää (fi), rauhoittaa (fi)
• French: calmer (fr), apaiser (fr)
• Galician: calmar (gl)
• German: beruhigen (de), ruhig stellen
• Greek: ηρεμώ (el) (iremó)
• Hebrew: הרגיע‎‎ (hirgía)
• Hungarian: megnyugtat (hu), lecsendesít (hu)

• Ido: kalmigar (io)
• Maori: roki (of waves), whakarokiroki (of waves), whakarangimārie
• Norwegian Bokmål: roe (no), berolige
• Norwegian Nynorsk: roe
• Polish: uspokoić (pl), uspokajać (pl)
• Portuguese: acalmar (pt)
• Romanian: liniști (ro), calma (ro), potoli (ro)
• Russian: успока́ивать (ru) impf (uspokáivatʹ), успоко́ить (ru) pf (uspokóitʹ)
• Swedish: lugna (sv), stilla (sv), blidka (sv), beveka (sv)
• Tatar: калим (qalim)
• Turkish: sakinleştirmek (tr), dindirmek (tr)

to become calm

• Bulgarian: успокоявам се (uspokojavam se), стихвам (bg) (stihvam)
• Catalan: calmar (ca)
• Czech: uklidnit
• Danish: blive stille, blive rolig
• Dutch: afkoelen (nl), kalmeren (nl)
• Finnish: tyyntyä (fi), rauhoittua (fi)
• Galician: calmar (gl)
• Hebrew: נרגע‎‎ (nirgá)
• Hungarian: megnyugszik (hu), lecsendesül
• Ido: kalmeskar (io)

• Norwegian: roe seg
• Pitjantjatjara: atanarinyi (wind or weather)
• Polish: uspokoić się (pl), uspokajać się (pl)
• Portuguese: acalmar-se, ficar calmo
• Romanian: ^{(please verify)} se liniști (ro)
• Russian: успока́иваться (ru) impf (uspokáivatʹsja), успокои́ться (ru) pf (uspokoítʹsja)
• Swedish: lugna (sv) sig
• Turkish: sakinleşmek (tr), dinmek (tr)
• Westrobothnian: smuln

AnagramsEdit

• CAML, CLAM, Caml, clam

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CatalanEdit

EtymologyEdit

From calma, probably in imitation of French calme (adjective) and Spanish calmo.

AdjectiveEdit

calm (feminine calma, masculine plural calms, feminine plural calmes)

1. calm

Related termsEdit

• calma
• calmar

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RomanianEdit

EtymologyEdit

Borrowed from French calme.

NounEdit

calm

1. composure (calmness of mind or matter, self-possession)

Related termsEdit

• calma