Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle English calm, calme, from Middle French calme, probably from Old Italian calma, of uncertain origin. Calma may derive from Late Latin cauma (“heat of the midday sun”), from Ancient Greek καῦμα (kaûma, “heat, especially of the sun”), from καίω (kaíō, “I burn”), or possibly from Latin caleō. Compare also Lombardic *chalm, *chalma (“frozenness”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *kalmaz (“frozenness, cold”).
Displaced native Middle English smilte (“quite, still, gentle”) from Old English smylte (“quiet, tranquil, calm, serene”).
PronunciationEdit
AdjectiveEdit
calm (comparative calmer or more calm, superlative calmest or most calm)
- (of a person) Peaceful, quiet, especially free from anger and anxiety.
- Antonyms: stressed, nervous, anxious
- (of a place or situation) Free of noise and disturbance.
- Antonym: disturbed
- (of water) with few or no waves on the surface; not rippled.
- Without wind or storm.
- Antonyms: windy, stormy
Derived termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
free from anger and anxiety
- Apache:
- Western Apache: nkegohenʼą́ą́go
- Arabic: هَادِئ (hādiʔ)
- Armenian: հանգիստ (hy) (hangist), հանդարտ (hy) (handart), խախանդ (hy) (xaxand)
- Assamese: শান্ত (xanto), শাঁত (xãt)
- Aymara: aliqa (ay)
- Azerbaijani: arxayın
- Bashkir: тыныс (tınıs)
- Belarusian: спако́йны (be) (spakójny)
- Bulgarian: спокоен (bg) (spokoen)
- Catalan: calm (ca)
- Chinese:
- Mandarin: 平靜/平静 (zh) (píngjìng), 安靜/安静 (zh) (ānjìng)
- Corsican: calmu (co)
- Czech: klidný (cs) m
- Danish: rolig (da)
- Dutch: vredig (nl), kalm (nl)
- Esperanto: trankvila (eo)
- Finnish: rauhallinen (fi), tyyni (fi), levollinen (fi)
- French: calme (fr)
- Galician: calmo m
- Georgian: მშვიდი (mšvidi), წყნარი (ka) (c̣q̇nari)
- German: ruhig (de)
- Gothic: 𐌵𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍂𐌿𐍃 (qairrus)
- Greek: ήρεμος (el) (íremos)
- Ancient: γαληνός (galēnós)
- Hebrew: רגוע (he) m (ragua)
- Hindi: शांत (hi) (śānt)
- Hungarian: nyugodt (hu)
- Irish: suaimhneach, socair
- Italian: calmo (it)
- Japanese: 穏やかな (ja) (odayaka na), 静かな (ja) (shizuka na), 平穏な (ja) (heion na)
- Korean: 고요하다 (ko) (goyohada), 잠잠하다 (ko) (jamjamhada)
- Latgalian: romons, mīrons
- Latin: tranquillus, sēdātus, placidus
- Latvian: rāms (lv)
- Lithuanian: ramus (lt)
- Macedonian: мирен (miren)
- Malay: tenang
- Maori: mauritau
- Northern Sami: ráfálaš
- Norwegian Bokmål: rolig (no)
- Norwegian Nynorsk: roleg
- Occitan: calme (oc)
- Old English: smylte, stille
- Ottoman Turkish: ساكن (sakin), دولك (dölek)
- Persian: آرام (fa) (ârâm)
- Polish: spokojny (pl) m, opanowany (pl) m
- Portuguese: tranquilo (pt), calmo (pt), sossegado (pt)
- Romanian: liniștit (ro), calm (ro)
- Russian: споко́йный (ru) m (spokójnyj), ти́хий (ru) m (tíxij)
- Scottish Gaelic: suaimhneach
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: миран
- Roman: miran (sh)
- Slovak: pokojný (sk)
- Slovene: miren (sl)
- Spanish: calmado (es)
- Swedish: lugn (sv), rofylld (sv)
- Tajik: ором (tg) (orom)
- Tok Pisin: belisi
- Turkish: sakin (tr), durgun (tr), dingin (tr)
- Ukrainian: спокі́йний (spokíjnyj)
- Venetian: cet (vec)
- Yiddish: רויִק (ruik)
- Zazaki: vınderde, sakin
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free of noise and disturbance
- Armenian: հանգիստ (hy) (hangist), հանդարտ (hy) (handart), խախանդ (hy) (xaxand)
- Bashkir: тыныс (tınıs)
- Belarusian: спакойны (be) (spakójny)
- Bulgarian: тих (bg) (tih), мирен (bg) (miren)
- Catalan: calm (ca)
- Czech: klidný (cs) m
- Danish: rolig (da), stille (da)
- Dutch: kalm (nl), rustig (nl)
- Esperanto: serena
- Finnish: rauhallinen (fi), tyyni (fi), levollinen (fi)
- French: calme (fr) m or f, tranquille (fr)
- Georgian: წყნარი (ka) (c̣q̇nari), მშვიდი (mšvidi)
- German: ruhig (de)
- Greek: γαλήνιος (el) (galínios)
- Hebrew: שלוו (shalev)
- Hungarian: csendes (hu)
- Irish: suaimhneach, socair, ciúin
- Japanese: 平穏な (ja) (heion na), 泰平な (ja) (taihei na), 平静な (ja) (heisei na)
- Latin: tranquillus, placidus
- Luxembourgish: roueg
- Northern Sami: ráfálaš, goalki
- Norwegian Bokmål: rolig (no), fredelig (no)
- Norwegian Nynorsk: roleg, fredeleg
- Old English: smylte, stille
- Plautdietsch: stell
- Polish: cichy (pl), spokojny (pl)
- Portuguese: tranquilo (pt), calmo (pt)
- Romanian: liniștit (ro), calm (ro), senin (ro)
- Russian: споко́йный (ru) (spokójnyj)
- Scottish Gaelic: suaimhneach
- Spanish: calmado (es)
- Swedish: lugn (sv), stilla (sv)
- Tatar: калим (qalim)
- Turkish: sakin (tr), durgun (tr), dingin (tr)
- Ukrainian: please add this translation if you can
- Yiddish: רויִק (ruik)
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(of water) with few or no waves on the surface
Translations to be checked
calm (countable and uncountable, plural calms)
- (in a person) The state of being calm; peacefulness; absence of worry, anger, fear or other strong negative emotion.
- (in a place or situation) The state of being calm; absence of noise and disturbance.
- A period of time without wind.
1851 November 14, Herman Melville, chapter 64, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC, page 324:It was a calm ; so, forming a tandem of three boats, we commenced the slow business of towing the trophy to the Pequod.
Derived termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
condition of being unworried and free from anger
the state with absence of noise and disturbance
- Armenian: հանգիստ (hy) (hangist), խաղաղություն (hy) (xałałutʿyun)
- Bulgarian: тишина (bg) f (tišina)
- Catalan: calma (ca) f
- Danish: ro (da) c, stilhed (da)
- Dutch: rust (nl) m or f
- Finnish: rauhallisuus (fi), tyyneys (fi), levollisuus (fi)
- German: Ruhe (de) f
- Greek: γαλήνη (el) f (galíni), ησυχία (el) f (isychía)
- Ancient: ἡσυχία f (hēsukhía)
- Hebrew: שלווה (he) f (shalva)
- Japanese: 平安 (ja) (heian), 平静 (ja) (heisei)
- Latin: quiēs (la) f
- Northern Sami: goalki
- Polish: spokój (pl) m
- Portuguese: calma (pt) f, tranquilidade (pt) f, sossego (pt) m
- Romanian: liniște (ro) f
- Russian: поко́й (ru) m (pokój), тишина́ (ru) f (tišiná)
- Spanish: sosiego (es) m
- Swedish: ro (sv) c, stillhet (sv) c, lugn (sv) n
- Tatar: калим (qalim)
- Turkish: sükûnet (tr), dinginlik (tr)
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calm (third-person singular simple present calms, present participle calming, simple past and past participle calmed)
- (transitive) To make calm.
- to calm a crying baby
- to calm the passions
1697, Virgil, “(please specify the book number)”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:
- to calm the tempest raised by Aeolus
- (intransitive) To become calm.
Derived termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
to make calm
- Belarusian: супако́йваць impf (supakójvacʹ), заспако́йваць impf (zaspakójvacʹ)
- Bulgarian: успокоявам (bg) (uspokojavam), усмирявам (bg) (usmirjavam)
- Catalan: calmar (ca)
- Czech: uklidnit (cs)
- Danish: berolige
- Dutch: kalmeren (nl), gerust stellen
- Finnish: tyynnyttää (fi), rauhoittaa (fi)
- French: calmer (fr), apaiser (fr)
- Galician: calmar (gl)
- German: beruhigen (de), ruhig stellen
- Greek: ηρεμώ (el) (iremó)
- Hebrew: הרגיע (hirgía)
- Hungarian: megnyugtat (hu), lecsendesít (hu)
- Ido: kalmigar (io)
- Japanese: 静める (ja) (shizumeru)
- Kabuverdianu: branda, brandá, kalma, kalmá, sosega, sosegá
- Latin: sēdō
- Maori: roki (of waves), whakarokiroki (of waves), whakarangimārie
- Northern Sami: ráfohit, ráfáiduhttit
- Norwegian Bokmål: roe (no), berolige
- Norwegian Nynorsk: roe
- Old English: *smyltan, stillan
- Polish: uspokajać (pl) impf, uspokoić (pl) pf
- Portuguese: acalmar (pt)
- Romanian: liniști (ro), calma (ro), potoli (ro)
- Russian: успока́ивать (ru) impf (uspokáivatʹ), успоко́ить (ru) pf (uspokóitʹ)
- Swedish: lugna (sv), stilla (sv), blidka (sv), beveka (sv)
- Tatar: калим (qalim)
- Turkish: sakinleştirmek (tr), dindirmek (tr)
- Ukrainian: заспоко́ювати impf (zaspokójuvaty), заспоко́їти pf (zaspokójity)
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to become calm
- Bulgarian: успокоявам се (uspokojavam se), стихвам (bg) (stihvam)
- Catalan: calmar (ca)
- Czech: uklidnit (cs)
- Danish: blive stille, blive rolig
- Dutch: afkoelen (nl), kalmeren (nl)
- Finnish: tyyntyä (fi), rauhoittua (fi)
- Galician: calmar (gl), acougar (gl), sosegar
- Hebrew: נרגע (nirgá)
- Hungarian: megnyugszik (hu), lecsendesül
- Ido: kalmeskar (io)
- Japanese: 静まる (ja) (shizumaru)
- Northern Sami: ráfut
- Norwegian: roe seg
- Old English: *smyltan, stillan
- Ottoman Turkish: دولنمك (dölenmek)
- Pitjantjatjara: atanarinyi (wind or weather)
- Polish: uspokajać się impf, uspokoić się pf
- Portuguese: acalmar-se, ficar calmo
- Romanian: (please verify) se liniști (ro)
- Russian: успока́иваться (ru) impf (uspokáivatʹsja), успокои́ться (ru) pf (uspokoítʹsja)
- Swedish: lugna (sv) sig
- Turkish: sakinleşmek (tr), dinmek (tr)
- Westrobothnian: smuln
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ReferencesEdit