Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kussaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Probably onomatopoeic; or alternatively from Proto-Indo-European *gʷas-, *gus-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkus.sɑz/

Noun

*kussaz m

1. kiss

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *kussaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*kussaz	*kussōz, *kussōs
vocative	*kuss	*kussōz, *kussōs
accusative	*kussą	*kussanz
genitive	*kussas, *kussis	*kussǫ̂
dative	*kussai	*kussamaz
instrumental	*kussō	*kussamiz

Derived terms

• *kussijaną

Descendants

Most modern descendants have reanalysed this word based on the verb, and therefore show a front vowel. Those with a back vowel are more original.

• Proto-West Germanic: *koss
  • Old English: coss, cos, *cus
    • Middle English: cos, cus, kis, kys, kysse, kesse
      • English: kiss
      • Scots: kis
      • Yola: kesse
  • Old Frisian: koss, kos
  • Old Saxon: kus, kuss, koss, kos
    • Middle Low German: kus, kuss
      • Plautdietsch: Kuss
  • Old Dutch: *cus, *cos
    • Middle Dutch: kos, kus
      • Dutch: kus
        • Afrikaans: kus
        • Berbice Creole Dutch: kosi
        • Negerhollands: kus
  • Old High German: kus, kos
    • Middle High German: kus, kos
      • Cimbrian: khüss (vowel influenced by verb)
      • German: Kuss
      • Hunsrik: Kuss
      • Luxembourgish: Kuss
• Old Norse: koss
  • Icelandic: koss
  • Faroese: kossur
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: kyss; (dialectal) kjøss, kjuss
  • Old Swedish: kus, kos
    • Swedish: kyss
  • Old Danish:
    • Danish: kys