Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/melkaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂melǵ-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈmel.kɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*melkaną

1. to milk (get milk from an animal)

Inflection

Conjugation of *melkaną (strong class 3)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*melkō	*melkaų	—	*melkai	?
2nd singular	*milkizi	*melkaiz	*melk	*melkazai	*melkaizau
3rd singular	*milkidi	*melkai	*melkadau	*melkadai	*melkaidau
1st dual	*melkōz	*melkaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*melkadiz	*melkaidiz	*melkadiz	—	—
1st plural	*melkamaz	*melkaim	—	*melkandai	*melkaindau
2nd plural	*milkid	*melkaid	*milkid	*melkandai	*melkaindau
3rd plural	*melkandi	*melkain	*melkandau	*melkandai	*melkaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*malk	*mulkį̄
2nd singular	*malht	*mulkīz
3rd singular	*malk	*mulkī
1st dual	*mulkū	*mulkīw
2nd dual	*mulkudiz	*mulkīdiz
1st plural	*mulkum	*mulkīm
2nd plural	*mulkud	*mulkīd
3rd plural	*mulkun	*mulkīn
	present	past
participles	*melkandz	*mulkanaz

Related terms

• *meluks
• *mulkiz
• *mulknaz
• *mulkōną

Related terms

• *melukōną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *melkan
  • Old English: melcan, meolcan
    • Middle English: mylken, milke, melke, mulke
      • English: milk
      • Yola: mulke
  • Old Frisian: melka
    • North Frisian: molke
    • Saterland Frisian: meelke
    • West Frisian: melke, meltse
  • Old Saxon: *melkan
    • Middle Low German: melken (weak verb)
      • (Low German: melken)
  • Old Dutch: *melkan
    • Middle Dutch: melken
      • Dutch: melken
  • Old High German: melkan, melchan
    • Middle High German: mëlken, mëlchen
      • German: melken (regular; see lemma)
        • → Esperanto: melki