Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skandō

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From earlier *skamdō, pre-Germanic *skomtéh₂, from *sko-m- (root of *skamō (“shame”)) + *-téh₂.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈskɑn.dɔː/

Noun

*skandō f

1. shame, disgrace

Inflection

ō-stemDeclension of *skandō (ō-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*skandō	*skandôz
vocative	*skandō	*skandôz
accusative	*skandǭ	*skandōz
genitive	*skandōz	*skandǫ̂
dative	*skandōi	*skandōmaz
instrumental	*skandō	*skandōmiz

Derived terms

• *skandijaną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *skandu
  • Old English: sċand, sċeand, sċeond, sċond; sċendle
    • Middle English: schande, schonde; (schandle)
      • English: shand, shond
  • Old Frisian: skande, skonde
    • Saterland Frisian: Skounde
    • West Frisian: skande
  • Old Saxon: *skanda
    • Middle Low German: schande
      • German Low German: Schande, Schanne, Schann
      • → Danish: skand (in compounds: e.g. skandskrift)
  • Old Dutch: *scanda
    • Middle Dutch: schande
      • Dutch: schande
        • Afrikaans: skande
  • Old High German: skanta, scanta, scanda
    • Middle High German: schande
      • German: Schande
        • → Yiddish: שאַנדע (shande)
          • → English: shanda, shonda
      • Luxembourgish: Schan
      • Yiddish: שאַנד (shand)
• Gothic: 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 (skanda)