Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/spurnaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *sperH- (“to kick”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈspur.nɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*spurnaną

to kick, to trample

Inflection

The present tense forms have the zero grade vowel -u- rather than -e-.

Conjugation of *spurnaną (strong class 3)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*spurnō	*spurnaų	—	*spurnai	?
2nd singular	*spurnizi	*spurnaiz	*spurn	*spurnazai	*spurnaizau
3rd singular	*spurnidi	*spurnai	*spurnadau	*spurnadai	*spurnaidau
1st dual	*spurnōz	*spurnaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*spurnadiz	*spurnaidiz	*spurnadiz	—	—
1st plural	*spurnamaz	*spurnaim	—	*spurnandai	*spurnaindau
2nd plural	*spurnid	*spurnaid	*spurnid	*spurnandai	*spurnaindau
3rd plural	*spurnandi	*spurnain	*spurnandau	*spurnandai	*spurnaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*sparn	*spurnį̄
2nd singular	*sparnt	*spurnīz
3rd singular	*sparn	*spurnī
1st dual	*spurnū	*spurnīw
2nd dual	*spurnudiz	*spurnīdiz
1st plural	*spurnum	*spurnīm
2nd plural	*spurnud	*spurnīd
3rd plural	*spurnun	*spurnīn

	present	past
participles	*spurnandz	*spurnanaz

Related terms

Descendants

Old English: spurnan, spornan
- Middle English: spurnen, sporne, spornen, spournen, spurn, spurne, spyrnen
  - English: spurn
  - Scots: spurn
Old Frisian: spurna
Old Saxon: spurnan
Old High German: spurnan
- German: anspornen
Old Norse: sporna
- Icelandic: sporna
- Old Swedish: spiærna (remodeled after other class III verbs)
  - Swedish: spjärna