Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stukkiją

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

A ja-stem nominal derived either from *stikaną (“to stick”) or its iterative *stukkōną (“idem”).

An alternative theory, as follows, derives the word from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewg- (“to shock, butt, impact”). The geminate -kk- is assumed based on *stukkaz (“stick”) (whence Old English stocc, Old Norse stokkr).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈstuk.ki.jɑ̃/

Noun

*stukkiją n

1. stump

   Synonyms: *stukkaz, *stumpaz

2. piece

   Synonyms: *bitiz, *bitô, *braudą, *buttaz, *skarbaz, *skraudō, *snidaz, *speldą

Inflection

Declension of *stukkiją (neuter ja-stem)

	singular	plural
nominative	*stukkiją	*stukkijō
vocative	*stukkiją	*stukkijō
accusative	*stukkiją	*stukkijō
genitive	*stukkijas, *stukkīs	*stukkijǫ̂
dative	*stukkijai	*stukkijamaz
instrumental	*stukkijō	*stukkijamiz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *stukkī
  • Old English: styċċe, stiċċe, stiċ (sometimes in compounds), styċġċe — Anglian
    • Middle English: stucche, stecche, stech, steche, sticche, stitche, stuche
      • ⇒ English: stitch meale, stitchmeal (“by piece, in separate pieces”) (possibly continuing Old English styċċemǣlum)
    • → English: styca (possibly via Middle Latin styca)
    • ⇒? English: stuckling
  • Old Frisian: stekk
    • Saterland Frisian: Stuk
    • West Frisian: stik
  • Old Saxon: stukki
    • Middle Low German: stücke
      • German Low German: Stück
      • Plautdietsch: Stekj
  • Old Dutch: *stukki, *stikki, -stic (in toponyms)
    • Middle Dutch: stucke, stuc, sticke, stic
      • Dutch: stuk, stik (in compounds)
        • Afrikaans: stuk
      • West Flemish: stik
      • → Middle English: stic
        • English: stick, steck
        • Scots: stick, steck
  • Old High German: stucki, stukki, stucchi, stuhhi
    • Middle High German: stucke, stück, stuck
      • Alemannic German: Stuck, Stucke, Stucki, Stück, Stücke, Stücki
      • Bavarian: Stuck, Stick (latter influenced by diminutive and/or Standard German)
      • Central Franconian: Stöck, Steck
        • Luxembourgish: Stéck
      • East Central German:
        • Upper Saxon German: Stigg, Stigge
      • German: Stück
      • Yiddish: שטיק (shtik)
        • → English: shtick
      • → Old Polish: sztuka
        • Polish: sztuka, śtuka (Near Masovian, Lasovia)
          • → Russian: шту́ка (štúka)
        • Silesian: sztuka
    • → Italian: stucco
      • → English: stucco
      • → Spanish: estuco
      • → French: stuc
        • → Dutch: stuc
        • → Portuguese: estuque
      • → German: Stuck
• Old Norse: stykki
  • Icelandic: stykki
  • Faroese: stykki
  • Norwegian Bokmål: stykke
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: stykke
  • Old Swedish: stykke
    • Swedish: stycke
  • Danish: stykke
  • Scanian: stikke