Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swinganą

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Unknown. If inherited, this could continue a Proto-Indo-European root *swengʷʰ- (*-gʷʰ- is suggested by Gothic 𐌰𐍆𐍃𐍅𐌰𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽 (afswaggwjan)).^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈswiŋ.ɡɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*swinganą

to swing

Inflection

Conjugation of *swinganą (strong class 3)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*swingō	*swingaų	—	*swingai	?
2nd singular	*swingizi	*swingaiz	*swing	*swingazai	*swingaizau
3rd singular	*swingidi	*swingai	*swingadau	*swingadai	*swingaidau
1st dual	*swingōz	*swingaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*swingadiz	*swingaidiz	*swingadiz	—	—
1st plural	*swingamaz	*swingaim	—	*swingandai	*swingaindau
2nd plural	*swingid	*swingaid	*swingid	*swingandai	*swingaindau
3rd plural	*swingandi	*swingain	*swingandau	*swingandai	*swingaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*swang	*sungį̄
2nd singular	*swanht	*sungīz
3rd singular	*swang	*sungī
1st dual	*sungū	*sungīw
2nd dual	*sungudiz	*sungīdiz
1st plural	*sungum	*sungīm
2nd plural	*sungud	*sungīd
3rd plural	*sungun	*sungīn

	present	past
participles	*swingandz	*sunganaz

Alternative reconstructions

*swingwaną^[2]

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *swingan
- Old English: swingan
  - Middle English: swyngen, swingen, swyng, swynge, swyngge, swyngyn; squynge, suing; swingan, swingæn, swingenn
    - English: swing
      - → Dutch: swingen
      - → Norman: souîndgi
    - Scots: swing, sweeng
- Old Frisian: swinga
- Old Saxon: swingan
  - Middle Low German: swingen
    - Low German: swingen
    - → Danish: svinge
- Old Dutch: *swingan
  - Middle Dutch: swingen
    - Limburgish: zwinge
- Old High German: swingan
  - Middle High German: swingen
    - German: schwingen
Old Norse: sveggja
- Icelandic: sveggja
- Swedish: svinga

References

^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN
^ Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*swenʒwanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 394

[1] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN

[2] Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*swenʒwanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 394

[1]

[2]