Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱwṓ

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Hamp has suggested derivation from *péḱu.

Noun

*ḱwṓ m

1. dog

Inflection

Athematic, hysterokinetic
	singular
nominative	*ḱwṓ
genitive	*ḱunés
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ḱwṓ	*ḱwónh₁(e)	*ḱwónes
vocative	*ḱwón	*ḱwónh₁(e)	*ḱwónes
accusative	*ḱwónm̥	*ḱwónh₁(e)	*ḱwónm̥s
genitive	*ḱunés	*?	*ḱunóHom
ablative	*ḱunés	*?	*ḱwn̥mós
dative	*ḱunéy	*?	*ḱwn̥mós
locative	*ḱwén, ḱwéni	*?	*ḱwn̥sú
instrumental	*ḱunéh₁	*?	*ḱwn̥bʰí

Descendants

• Proto-Anatolian:
  • Hittite: 𒆪𒉿𒀸 (ku-wa-aš /kuwaš/), 𒆪𒉿𒈾𒀭 (ku-wa-na-an /kuwanan/, acc.sg.)
  • Luwian:

    Anatolian Hieroglyphs: [Anatolian Hieroglyphs needed] (zúwa/in(i)-)

  • Lydian: [script needed] (kan-)
• Armenian:
  • Old Armenian: շուն (šun)
    • Armenian: շուն (šun)
  • Old Armenian: սկունդ (skund) < *ḱwon-t-
• Proto-Balto-Slavic: *śwṓ (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  • ⇒? Proto-Slavic: *sǫka (“bitch (female dog)”) (see there for further descendants) < + *-kāˀ
• Proto-Celtic: *kū (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Germanic: *hundaz (< *ḱun-tós or *ḱwn̥-tós) (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Hellenic:
  • Ancient Greek: κύων (kúōn)
    • Greek: κύων (kýon)
• Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćwā́ (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Italic: *kō (see there for further descendants)
• Phrygian: κύνας (kúnas, accusative plural)
• Proto-Tocharian: *ku (see there for further descendants)

Further reading

• Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
• オオシロ, テルマサ (1988), “Some Luwian words of Indo-European origin”, in Orient, volume 24, page 48: “(3) dog (632)”