Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱwṓ

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From pre-Indo-European *ḱwóns. Hamp has suggested derivation from *péḱu. Perhaps related to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-kʷəj-n (“dog”), which would make English hound a very distant cognate of Chinese 犬 (quǎn). Perhaps also related to Proto-Northeast Caucasian *χːHwеje (“dog”).

Noun

*ḱwṓ m

1. dog

Inflection

Athematic, hysterokinetic
	singular
nominative	*ḱwṓ
genitive	*ḱunés
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ḱwṓ	*ḱwónh₁(e)	*ḱwónes
vocative	*ḱwón	*ḱwónh₁(e)	*ḱwónes
accusative	*ḱwónm̥	*ḱwónh₁(e)	*ḱwónm̥s
genitive	*ḱunés	*?	*ḱunóHom
ablative	*ḱunés	*?	*ḱwn̥mós
dative	*ḱunéy	*?	*ḱwn̥mós
locative	*ḱwén, ḱwéni	*?	*ḱwn̥sú
instrumental	*ḱunéh₁	*?	*ḱwn̥bʰí

Descendants

• Anatolian: [Term?]
  • Hittite: 𒆪𒉿𒀸 (ku-wa-aš /kuwaš/), 𒆪𒉿𒈾𒀭 (ku-wa-na-an /kuwanan/, acc.sg.)
  • Luwian:

    Anatolian Hieroglyphs: [Anatolian Hieroglyphs needed] (zúwa/in(i)-)

  • Lydian: [script needed] (kan-)
• Armenian:
  • Old Armenian: շուն (šun)
    • Armenian: շուն (šun)
  • Old Armenian: սկունդ (skund) < *ḱwon-t-
• Balto-Slavic: *śwṓ
  • Latvian: suns
  • Lithuanian: šuõ
  • Old Prussian: sunnis
• Balto-Slavic: [Term?]
  • Slavic: *sǫka (see there for further descendants)
• Celtic: *kū (see there for further descendants)
• Germanic: *hundaz (< *ḱun-tós or *ḱwn̥-tós) (see there for further descendants)
• Hellenic: [Term?]
  • Ancient Greek: κύων (kúōn)
    • Greek: κύων (kýon)
• Indo-Iranian: *ćwā́ (see there for further descendants)
• Italic: *kō (see there for further descendants)
• Phrygian: κύνας (kúnas, accusative plural)
• Tocharian: *ku (see there for further descendants)

Further reading

• Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN