dog
EnglishEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle English dogge[1] (whence also Scots dug (“dog”)), from Old English dogga, docga,[2][3] of uncertain origin.
The original meaning seems to have been a common dog, as opposed to a well-bred one, or something like 'cur', and perhaps later came to be used for stocky dogs. Possibly a pet-form diminutive with suffix -ga (compare frocga (“frog”), *picga (“pig”)), appended to a base *dog-, *doc- of unclear origin and meaning. One possibility is Old English dox (“dark, swarthy”) (compare frocga from frox).[4] Another proposal is that it derives from Proto-West Germanic *dugan (“to be suitable”), the origin of Old English dugan (“to be good, worthy, useful”), English dow, German taugen. The theory goes that it could have been an epithet for dogs, commonly used by children, meaning "good/useful animal."[5]
In 14th-century England, hound (from Old English hund) was the general word for all domestic canines, and dog referred to a subtype resembling the modern mastiff and bulldog.[6] By the 16th century, dog had become the general word, and hound had begun to refer only to breeds used for hunting.[7] In the 16th century, the word dog was adopted by several continental European languages as their word for mastiff.[8]
PronunciationEdit
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /dɒɡ/
("a dog")Audio (UK) (file) Audio (UK) (file) - (US) enPR: dôg, IPA(key): /dɔɡ/
Audio (US) (file) - (cot–caught merger, Canada) IPA(key): /dɑɡ/
Audio (US) (file) - Rhymes: -ɒɡ
NounEdit
dog (plural dogs)
- A mammal, Canis familiaris or Canis lupus familiaris, that has been domesticated for thousands of years, of highly variable appearance due to human breeding.
- 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XVI, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, OCLC 4293071:
- The preposterous altruism too! […] Resist not evil. It is an insane immolation of self—as bad intrinsically as fakirs stabbing themselves or anchorites warping their spines in caves scarcely large enough for a fair-sized dog.
- 1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 19, in The China Governess[4]:
- When Timothy and Julia hurried up the staircase to the bedroom floor, where a considerable commotion was taking place, Tim took Barry Leach with him. […] . The captive made no resistance and came not only quietly but in a series of eager little rushes like a timid dog on a choke chain.
- The dog barked all night long.
- Any member of the Family Canidae, including domestic dogs, wolves, coyotes, jackals, foxes, and their relatives (extant and extinct); canid.
- 1989, John L. Gittleman, Carnivore Behavior, Ecology, and Evolution, page 561:
- This includes the development of hyena-like bone crushers (Osteoborus and Borophagus), a large bone-crushing hunting dog (Aelurodon), and another borophagine frugivorous dog (Carpocyon).
- (often attributive) A male dog, wolf or fox, as opposed to a bitch or vixen.
- 1928, Siegfried Sassoon, Memoirs of a Fox-Hunting Man, Penguin 2013, page 149:
- Firstly, he was there to encourage and assist the hounds (a scratch pack – mostly dog-hounds drafted from fox-hound kennels because they were over-sized) […].
- 1928, Siegfried Sassoon, Memoirs of a Fox-Hunting Man, Penguin 2013, page 149:
- (slang, derogatory) A dull, unattractive girl or woman.
- She’s a real dog.
- (slang) A man (derived from definition 2).
- You lucky dog!
- (slang, derogatory) A coward.
- Come back and fight, you dogs!
- (derogatory) Someone who is morally reprehensible.
- You dirty dog.
- 1599, Robert Greene, Alphonsus, King of Aragon (1599). Act 3.
- Blasphemous dog, I wonder that the earth / Doth cease from renting vnderneath thy feete, / To swallow vp those cankred corpes of thine.
- 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, 2 Kings 8:13, column 1:
- And Hazael said ſaid, But what, is thy ſeruant a dogge, that he ſhould doe this great thing?
- 1887, H. Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure[5]:
- [A]t last Mahomed's stood straight up upon its vertebræ, and glared at me through its empty eyeholes, and cursed me with its grinning jaws, because I, a dog of a Christian, disturbed the last sleep of a true believer.
- (slang) A sexually aggressive man.
- 2005, Jordan Houston, Darnell Carlton, Paul Beauregard, Premro Smith, Marlon Goodwin, David Brown, and Willie Hutchinson (lyrics), “Stay Fly”, in Most Known Unknown[6], Sony BMG, performed by Three 6 Mafia (featuring Young Buck, 8 Ball, and MJG):
- DJ Paul is a dog; one you do not trust.
- Any of various mechanical devices for holding, gripping, or fastening something, particularly with a tooth-like projection.
- 2009, ForestWorks, Chainsaw Operator's Manual, page 41:
- Whenever possible, let the tree support the weight of the chainsaw. Pivot the saw, using the saw's dogs (spikes) as a fulcrum.
- A click or pallet adapted to engage the teeth of a ratchet wheel, to restrain the back action.
- A metal support for logs in a fireplace.
- The dogs were too hot to touch.
- 1902, Arthur Conan Doyle, The Hound of the Baskervilles
- In the great old-fashioned fireplace behind the high iron dogs a log-fire crackled and snapped.
- (cartomancy) The eighteenth Lenormand card.
- A hot dog.
- 1994 July 21, Faye Fiore, “Congress relishes another franking privilege: Meat lobby puts on the dog with exclusive luncheon for lawmakers – experts on pork”, in Los Angeles Times[7]:
- Congressmen gleefully wolfed down every imaginable version of the hot dog – smoked kielbasas, jumbo grillers, Big & Juicy's, kosher dogs and spiced dogs […]
- (poker slang) Underdog.
- (slang, almost always in the plural) Foot.
- My dogs are barking! ― My feet hurt!
- (Cockney rhyming slang) (from "dog and bone") Phone or mobile phone.
- My dog is dead.
- My mobile-phone battery has run out of charge and is no longer able to function.
- One of the cones used to divide up a racetrack when training horses.
- shortened form of dog meat.
- Did you know that in South Korea, they eat dog?
- (informal) Something that performs poorly.
- 1885, Robert H. Codrington, The Melanesian Languages (page 143)
- He gives his dog-Mota or dog-Fiji in exchange for Pigeon English.
- That modification turned his Dodge hemi into a dog.
- (film) A flop; a film that performs poorly at the box office.
- 1969, Ski (volume 34, number 4, page 121)
- Blue was released, and as Redford had predicted, it was a dog.
- 2012, Ronald L. Davis, Duke: The Life and Image of John Wayne
- “When The Alamo was coming out, the word of mouth on it was that it was a dog,” Chase said.
- 1969, Ski (volume 34, number 4, page 121)
- 1885, Robert H. Codrington, The Melanesian Languages (page 143)
SynonymsEdit
- (animal): taxonomic names: Canis familiaris, Canis domesticus, Canis familiarus domesticus, Canis canis, Canis aegyptius, Canis familiarus aegyptius, Canis melitaeus, Canis familiarus melitaeus, Canis molossus, Canis familiarus molossus, Canis saultor, Canis familiaris saultor
- (animal): domestic dog, hound, canine; see also Thesaurus:dog
- (male): stud, sire
- (man): bloke (British), chap (British), dude, fellow, guy, man; see also Thesaurus:man
- (morally reprehensible person): cad, bounder, blackguard, fool, hound, heel, scoundrel
- (mechanical device): click, detent, pawl
- (metal support for logs): andiron, firedog, dogiron
Coordinate termsEdit
HypernymsEdit
- (animal): canid
HyponymsEdit
- (animal):
Derived termsEdit
- all dogged up
- Alsatian dog
- as sick as a dog
- assistance dog
- attack dog
- avalanche dog
- avalanche rescue dog
- barking dogs seldom bite
- be like a dog with two tails
- be top dog
- beware of dog
- beware of the dog
- Big Dog
- bird dog
- bird-dog
- bottom dog
- bulldog
- bulldog breeder
- bush-dog
- bush dog
- cadaver dog
- Canaan dog
- cash-sniffing dog
- cat-and-dog
- cattle dog
- clever old dog
- companion dog
- corndog
- cunning dog
- designer dog
- diner's dog
- dirty dog
- dog act
- dog and bone
- dog and pony show
- dog ape
- dog-ape
- dog ass
- dog attack
- dogbane
- dogbane family
- dog basket
- dog bed
- dogberry
- Dogberry
- dogberryism
- Dogberryism
- dog biscuit
- dog-bludgeoner
- dog book
- dogcart
- dogcatcher
- dog-catcher
- dogcatching
- dogcheap
- dog collar
- dog coupling
- dog crate
- dog curtain
- dog daisy
- dog dander
- dog dandruff
- dog-day cicada
- dog days
- dog dirt
- dogdom
- dog-doo
- dog door
- dog-ear
- dogear
- dog ear
- dog-eared
- dog-eared book
- dog-eared magazine
- dog-eat-dog
- dog eat dog
- dog-eat-dog society
- dog-end
- dogette
- dogface
- dogfight
- dogfish
- dog flap
- dog flea
- dog flu
- dog fly
- dog food
- dogfood
- dog-food
- dogfought
- dog fouling
- dog fox
- dog-friendly
- Dogg
- dogged
- dogged it
- doggedly
- doggedness
- dogger
- doggerel
- doggerel rhyme
- doggerel verse
- doggery
- doggie
- doggie do
- doggie door
- doggie paddle
- doggie-paddle
- doggie position
- doggier
- doggiest
- dogging
- doggish
- doggishly
- doggishness
- doggone
- doggoned
- doggonedest
- doggrel
- dog guide
- doggy
- doggy bag
- doggy door
- doggy-paddle
- doggy paddle
- doggy person
- doggy-style
- doggystyle
- dog hair
- dog handler
- doghead
- dog-headed
- doghood
- dog hook
- dog house
- doghouse
- dog hutch
- dog influenza
- dog-in-the-manger
- dog in the manger
- dogiron
- dog it
- dogitude
- dog killer
- Dog Latin
- dog Latin
- dog-lead
- dog lead
- dog-leash
- dog leash
- dogleg
- dogleg fence
- doglegged
- dog-legged stair
- doglegging
- dogleg jack
- dog-leg stair
- dogless
- doglike
- dogling
- dogly
- dog minder
- dog minding
- dog my cats
- dog nail
- dognap
- dognaped
- dognaper
- dognaping
- dognapped
- dognapper
- dognapping
- dognaps
- dogness
- dog out
- dog-paddle
- dog paddle
- dogpaddle
- dog pile
- dog-pile
- dogpile
- dog poo
- dog poop
- dogpoor
- dog pound
- dogrel
- dog run
- dogs
- dog salmon
- dogsbodied
- dogsbodies
- dogsbody
- dogsbodying
- dog's breakfast
- dog's chance
- dog screw
- dog's dinner
- dog's dirt
- dog's-ear
- dogs have masters, cats have staff
- dog shit
- dogshit
- dogshore
- dogsitter
- dogsitting
- dogsled
- dogsledder
- dogsledding
- dog sledge
- dog's letter
- dog's life
- dog's mercury
- dog's mess
- dog's muck
- dog somebody's steps
- dogspeak
- dogspike
- dog spike
- dog's-tail
- Dog Star
- dog's-tongue
- dog's-tooth
- dog's-tooth check
- dog tag
- dog tapeworm
- dog team
- dog that caught the car
- dog tick
- dog-tired
- dog tooth
- dog-tooth
- dogtooth
- dogtooth check
- dogtooth violet
- dogtrot
- dog tucker
- dogvane
- dog violet
- dog walk
- dog walker
- dog-walker
- dogwalker
- dog walking
- dog-walking
- dogwalking
- dog warden
- dogwash
- dogwatch
- dog-watch
- dog watch
- dog whelk
- dog-whip
- dogwhip
- dog whisperer
- dog-whistle
- dog whistle
- dogwood
- dogwood family
- dogwood winter
- dog work
- dog world
- dog year
- double dog dare
- European dogwood
- every dog has its day
- firedog
- fire dog
- fogdog
- give a dog a bad name
- give a dog a bad name and hang him
- go to the dogs
- Greater Dog
- guard-dog
- guard dog
- guarddog
- guide dog
- gun dog
- hair of the dog
- hot-dog
- hot dog
- hotdog
- hot dogged
- hot-dogged
- hotdogged
- hot-dogger
- hotdogger
- hotdoggery
- hot-dogs
- house dog
- idle as Ludlam's dog
- in a dog's age
- in the dog box
- in the doghouse
- Isle of Dogs
- it is easy to find a stick to beat a dog
- junkyard dog
- lap dog
- lap-dog
- lapdog
- lazy as Ludlam's dog
- lazy dog
- lead dog
- let sleeping dogs lie
- lie doggo
- like a dog in heat
- like a dog on heat
- like a dog with a bone
- lucky dog
- mad dog
- not dog
- pi-dog
- pie-dog
- police dog
- prairie dog
- puppy-dog
- puppy dog
- puppy-dog eyes
- puppy dog eyes
- put on the dog
- pye-dog
- raccoon dog
- rain cats and dogs
- rescue dog
- sausage dog
- seadog
- see a man about a dog
- seeing-eye dog
- service dog
- sheepdog
- sheep dog
- sick as a dog
- sled dog
- sly dog
- smooth dogfish
- snowdog
- spiny dogfish
- spotted dogfish
- sun dog
- sundog
- swing dog
- that dog won't hunt
- the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog
- there's life in the old dog yet
- throw it to the dogs
- tinned dog
- too much pudding will choke a dog
- top dog
- toy dog
- try it on the dog
- underdog
- veggiedog
- veggie dog
- war dog
- waterdog
- water dog
- wiener dog
- working dog
- yard dog
- yellow dog
- you can't teach an old dog new tricks
DescendantsEdit
TranslationsEdit
VerbEdit
dog (third-person singular simple present dogs, present participle dogging, simple past and past participle dogged)
- (transitive) To pursue with the intent to catch.
- (transitive) To follow in an annoying or harassing way.
- The woman cursed him so that trouble would dog his every step.
- 1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: A[ndrew] Millar […], OCLC 928184292:
- […] they were discovered in a very improper manner by the husband of the gypsy, who, from jealousy it seems, had kept a watchful eye over his wife, and had dogged her to the place, where he found her in the arms of her gallant.
- 2012 January 1, Michael Riordan, “Tackling Infinity”, in American Scientist[8], volume 100, number 1, page 86:
- Some of the most beautiful and thus appealing physical theories, including quantum electrodynamics and quantum gravity, have been dogged for decades by infinities that erupt when theorists try to prod their calculations into new domains. Getting rid of these nagging infinities has probably occupied far more effort than was spent in originating the theories.
- 2012 May 9, Jonathan Wilson, “Europa League: Radamel Falcao's Atlético Madrid rout Athletic Bilbao”, in the Guardian[9]:
- But this is not an Athletic that ever looks comfortable at the back – a criticism that has often dogged Marcelo Bielsa's sides.
- (transitive, nautical) To fasten a hatch securely.
- It is very important to dog down these hatches.
- (intransitive, emerging usage in Britain) To watch, or participate, in sexual activity in a public place.
- I admit that I like to dog at my local country park.
- (intransitive, transitive) To intentionally restrict one's productivity as employee; to work at the slowest rate that goes unpunished.
- (transitive) To criticize.
- 1999 March 30, “Shakedown”, in JAG, season 4, episode 18, CBS:
- Harmon Rabb (David James Elliott): Are you dogging Harm's special meatless meatloaf?
Sarah MacKenzie (Catherine Bell): Let's put it this way. If you were to make the Harmon Special on this ship, they'd have to unload it with the toxic waste.
- (transitive, military) To divide (a watch) with a comrade.
- 1902, Winfield Scott Schley, Record of Proceedings of a Court of Inquiry
- A. We never stood 4 to 8 p.m. watches, sir. We dogged our watches.
Q. I suppose that is 6 to 8 p.m., then; it is a little indistinct. I mean the second dog watch.
- A. We never stood 4 to 8 p.m. watches, sir. We dogged our watches.
- 2015, Tom Vetter, 30,000 Leagues Undersea
- Meanwhile, we dogged the watch sections so that both halves of the crew could fetch full sea bags of uniforms and gear […]
- 1902, Winfield Scott Schley, Record of Proceedings of a Court of Inquiry
TranslationsEdit
AdjectiveEdit
EtymologyEdit
Shortened form of dog shit.
DefinitionEdit
- (euphemistic, Australia, New Zealand) Rigged.
See alsoEdit
Further readingEdit
- Michael Weisenberg (2000), The Official Dictionary of Poker (MGI/Mike Caro University, →ISBN
- dog on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
- List of sequenced animal genomes on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
- Canis on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
- Dog on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
- Canis on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
ReferencesEdit
- ^ Hans Kurath, Sherman M. Kuhn, Middle English Dictionary (1962, →ISBN), page 4, page 1204
- ^ Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller (1898), “docga”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- ^ Laurel Brinton, Alexander Bergs, Old English (2017, →ISBN), page 59: "In addition, the velar [ɡɡ] and palatal [ɡɡj] geminates could be written as <gg> or <cg>, as in <dogga> ~ <docga> ..."; Richard M. Hogg, Norman Francis Blake, The Cambridge History of the English Language (1992, →ISBN), volume 1, age 91 says much the same.
- ^ Piotr Gąsiorowski, 2006. The Etymology of Old English *docga. Indogermanische Forschungen, 111.
- ^ [1]
- ^ [2]
- ^ [3]
- ^ Douglas Harper (2001–2022), “dog”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
AnagramsEdit
AfrikaansEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
dog
BislamaEdit
EtymologyEdit
From English dog. Cognate with Tok Pisin dok.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
dog
ReferencesEdit
- Terry Crowley (2004) Bislama Reference Grammar, Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi press, →ISBN, page 37
DanishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Danish dogh, which was borrowed from Middle Low German doch, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *þauh.
AdverbEdit
dog
- however
- Det er dog ikke sikkert, at de taler sandt.
- It is, however, not certain that they are telling the truth.
- Conveying impressedness, emotional affectation, bewilderment.
- Hvor er den hund dog nuttet!
- How cute that dog is!
- Sikke dramatisk du dog kan fremstille sagen!
- How dramatically you can present the matter!
ConjunctionEdit
dog
DutchEdit
EtymologyEdit
Borrowed from English dog. Attested since the 16th century.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
dog m (plural doggen, diminutive dogje n)
Derived termsEdit
KriolEdit
EtymologyEdit
NounEdit
dog
MbabaramEdit
EtymologyEdit
From *dwog(a), from *udwoga, from *gudwaga, from Proto-Pama-Nyungan *gudaga. Related to Dyirbal guda, Yidiny gudaga. Not related to English dog; it is a false cognate.[1][2]
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
dog
ReferencesEdit
- ^ Language Hat, excerpting Dixon's Memoirs of a Field Worker
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Stephen R. Anderson, Languages: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford 2012), 36.
Edit
EtymologyEdit
InterjectionEdit
dog
- thump, dub (sound of a heartbeat; thumping sound of a person walking on the roof of a house as heard by someone in the house)
SynonymsEdit
Norwegian BokmålEdit
AdverbEdit
dog
ConjunctionEdit
dog
PortugueseEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
dog m (plural dogs)
- Clipping of hot dog.
RomanianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From French dogue, from English dog.
NounEdit
dog m (plural dogi)
DeclensionEdit
SwedishEdit
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
dog
- past tense of dö.
AnagramsEdit
Torres Strait CreoleEdit
EtymologyEdit
NounEdit
dog
VolapükEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
dog (nominative plural dogs)
- (male or female) dog
DeclensionEdit
Derived termsEdit
- bludadog
- dafadog
- dogacek
- dogadom
- dogahipul
- dogajipul
- dogakek
- dogalecek
- dogalif
- dogalucek
- dogarosad
- dogarosadabimül
- dogem
- dogibrid
- dogibridan
- dogibridöp
- dogihibridan
- dogihikälan
- dogijibridan
- dogijikälan
- dogik
- dogikolär
- dogikälan
- dogil
- dogilik
- doginulüdot
- dogül
- dogülik
- domadog
- dugadog
- farmadog
- flutülön dogi
- hidog
- hidogil
- hidogül
- hodog
- jidog
- jidogil
- jidogül
- jodog
- krigakäladog
- lievadog
- lupadog
- mitanadog
- pädritadog
- sadinadog
- sigretadog
- sismaladog
- sukadog
- sukäladog
- vümadog
- vümadogil
- yagadog
Related termsEdit
WestrobothnianEdit
AdjectiveEdit
dog