Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)kérdʰh₁eti
Proto-Indo-European
editEtymology
editFrom *(s)ker- (“to cut off”) + *-dʰh₁eti (resultative verbal suffix).[1]
Verb
edit*(s)kérdʰh₁eti (imperfective)[2]
Inflection
editImperfective, thematic | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
3rd singular | *(s)kérdʰh₁eti | ||||
3rd plural | *(s)kérdʰh₁onti | ||||
Active voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
1st singular | *(s)kérdʰh₁oh₂ | *(s)kérdʰh₁om | — | *(s)kérdʰh₁ōh₂ | *(s)kérdʰh₁oyh₁m̥ |
2nd singular | *(s)kérdʰh₁esi | *(s)kérdʰh₁es | *(s)kérdʰh₁e | *(s)kérdʰh₁ēsi | *(s)kérdʰh₁oys |
3rd singular | *(s)kérdʰh₁eti | *(s)kérdʰh₁et | *(s)kérdʰh₁etu | *(s)kérdʰh₁ēti | *(s)kérdʰh₁oyt |
1st dual | *(s)kérdʰh₁owos | *(s)kérdʰh₁owe | — | *(s)kérdʰh₁ōwos | *(s)kérdʰh₁oywe |
2nd dual | *(s)kérdʰh₁etes | *(s)kérdʰh₁etom | *(s)kérdʰh₁etom | *(s)kérdʰh₁ētes | *(s)kérdʰh₁oytom |
3rd dual | *(s)kérdʰh₁etes | *(s)kérdʰh₁etām | *(s)kérdʰh₁etām | *(s)kérdʰh₁ētes | *(s)kérdʰh₁oytām |
1st plural | *(s)kérdʰh₁omos | *(s)kérdʰh₁ome | — | *(s)kérdʰh₁ōmos | *(s)kérdʰh₁oyme |
2nd plural | *(s)kérdʰh₁ete | *(s)kérdʰh₁ete | *(s)kérdʰh₁ete | *(s)kérdʰh₁ēte | *(s)kérdʰh₁oyte |
3rd plural | *(s)kérdʰh₁onti | *(s)kérdʰh₁ont | *(s)kérdʰh₁ontu | *(s)kérdʰh₁ōnti | *(s)kérdʰh₁oyh₁n̥t |
Participle | *(s)kérdʰh₁onts | ||||
Middle voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
1st singular | *(s)kérdʰh₁oh₂er | *(s)kérdʰh₁oh₂e | — | *(s)kérdʰh₁ōh₂er | *(s)kérdʰh₁oyh₂e |
2nd singular | *(s)kérdʰh₁eth₂er | *(s)kérdʰh₁eth₂e | *(s)kérdʰh₁eso | *(s)kérdʰh₁ēth₂er | *(s)kérdʰh₁oyth₂e |
3rd singular | *(s)kérdʰh₁etor | *(s)kérdʰh₁eto | *? | *(s)kérdʰh₁ētor | *(s)kérdʰh₁oyto, *(s)kérdʰh₁oyh₁o |
1st dual | *(s)kérdʰh₁owosdʰh₂ | *(s)kérdʰh₁owedʰh₂ | — | *(s)kérdʰh₁ōwosdʰh₂ | *(s)kérdʰh₁oywedʰh₂ |
2nd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
3rd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
1st plural | *(s)kérdʰh₁omosdʰh₂ | *(s)kérdʰh₁omedʰh₂ | — | *(s)kérdʰh₁ōmosdʰh₂ | *(s)kérdʰh₁oymedʰh₂ |
2nd plural | *(s)kérdʰh₁edʰh₂we | *(s)kérdʰh₁edʰh₂we | *(s)kérdʰh₁edʰh₂we | *(s)kérdʰh₁ēdʰh₂we | *(s)kérdʰh₁oydʰh₂we |
3rd plural | *(s)kérdʰh₁oror, *(s)kérdʰh₁ontor | *(s)kérdʰh₁oro, *(s)kérdʰh₁onto | *? | *(s)kérdʰh₁ōror, *(s)kérdʰh₁ōntor | *(s)kérdʰh₁oyro, *(s)kérdʰh₁oyh₁n̥to |
Participle | *(s)kérdʰh₁omnos |
Derived terms
edit- *(s)kordʰh₁-ó-s[3]
- *(s)kr̥dʰh₁-ú-s[4]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kr̥dʰHúš (“short, crooked, defective”) (see there for further descendants)
- Unsorted formations:
Descendants
edit- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *skerstei (“to cut, slaughter”)
- Proto-Celtic: *skerdeti (“to scrape off”)[5]
- Old Irish: sceirtid
References
edit- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “2.*(s)ker-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 556-557
- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “?*skerdʰ-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 558
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Derksen, Rick (2015) “skersti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 403-404
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992–2001) “kṛdhú-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*skerd-(y)o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 341-342