Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂óyu

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative forms

*h₂eyu-

Etymology

From *h₂ey- (“vital force, life, age, eternity”).

Noun

*h₂óyu n (oblique stem *h₂yéw-)^[1]^[2]

long time, lifetime

Inflection

Athematic, proterokinetic
	singular
nominative	*h₂óyu
genitive	*h₂yéws
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*h₂óyu	*h₂óywih₁	*h₂óyuh₂
vocative	*h₂óyu	*h₂óywih₁	*h₂óyuh₂
accusative	*h₂óyu	*h₂óywih₁	*h₂óyuh₂
genitive	*h₂yéws	*?	*h₂yéwoHom
ablative	*h₂yéws	*?	h₂yúmos, h₂yúbʰos
dative	*h₂yéwey	*?	h₂yúmos, h₂yúbʰos
locative	h₂yéw, h₂yéwi	*?	*h₂yúsu
instrumental	*h₂yúh₁	*?	h₂yúmis, h₂yúbʰis

Derived terms

*h₂y-ew- (extended root)
*h₂eyw- ~ *h₂eyu-
- Proto-Albanian: *aiwesyā
  - Albanian: eshë
*h₂oy-u-s (oblique stem *h₂y-wé-)
- Proto-Hellenic: *aiwei (locative)
  - Ancient Greek: αἰεί (aieí, “always”)
*h₂oy-w-o-
- Proto-Germanic: *aiwaz (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *aiwom
  - Latin: aevum
*h₂ey-w-es- (s-stem)
- ⇒ *h₂ey-w-es-to-
  - Proto-Celtic: *aiwestom (see there for further descendants)
*h₂oy-u-Hō
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: αἰϝών (aiwṓn), αἰών (aiṓn)
*h₂yéw-Hō (“young”) (see there for further descendants)
*h₂y-(e)w-gʷih₃-
- Proto-Germanic: *aiwukiz (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: ὑγιής (hugiḗs)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HyawǰiH
  - Proto-Iranian: *HyawǰiH
    - Avestan: 𐬫𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬈-𐬘𐬍- (yauuae-jī-)
    - → Old Armenian: յաւէժ (yawēž)
- Proto-Italic:
  - Latin: iūgis
*h₂óyu kʷíd (see there for further descendants)

Unsorted formations

Hittite: [script needed] (nāwi, “not yet”)

Descendants

Proto-Albanian: *eta
- Albanian: jetë
Proto-Armenian: *ayú
- Old Armenian: այո (ayo)^[3] (possibly)
Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hā́yu (see there for further descendants)

References

^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
^ Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 59