Wiktionary

long

See also: Appendix:Variations of "long"

English Edit

 
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Pronunciation Edit

Etymology 1 Edit

From Middle English long, lang, from Old English long, lang (“long, tall, lasting”), from Proto-West Germanic *lang, from Proto-Germanic *langaz (“long”), from Proto-Indo-European *dlongʰos (“long”). Cognate with Scots lang (“long”), North Frisian long, lung (“long”), Saterland Frisian loang (“long”), Norwegian, West Frisian, Dutch and German lang (“long”), Swedish lång (“long”), Icelandic langur (“long”), Portuguese longo (“long”), Spanish luengo (“long”), Latin longus (“long”), Russian дли́нный (dlínnyj), долго (dolgo), Sanskrit दीर्घ (dīrgha, “long”).

The word exceptionally retains the Old English darkening of -a- before nasals. Though there are other such examples in Middle and Modern English (e.g. bond, song, throng, wrong), the o-form may have been reinforced by Old French long, from Latin longus, from the same Indo-European word. Doublet of lungo and lunge.

Adjective Edit

long (comparative longer, superlative longest)

  2. Having much distance from one terminating point on an object or an area to another terminating point (usually applies to horizontal dimensions; see Usage Notes below).
    It's a long way from the Earth to the Moon.
    How long was your newborn baby?
    1. (informal) Having a long penis.
      My ex was very strong but not very long.
    • 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter V, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:
      We expressed our readiness, and in ten minutes were in the station wagon, rolling rapidly down the long drive, for it was then after nine. We passed on the way the van of the guests from Asquith.
    • 1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 17, in The China Governess‎[1]:
      The face which emerged was not reassuring. […]. He was not a mongol but there was a deficiency of a sort there, and it was not made more pretty by a latter-day hair cut which involved eccentrically long elf-locks and oiled black curls.
  3. Having great duration.
    The pyramids of Egypt have been around for a long time.
    I took a long look at the house, knowing it was for the last time.
  4. Seeming to last a lot of time, due to being boring or tedious or tiring.
    • 1877, Anna Sewell, “Chapter 23”, in Black Beauty: […], London: Jarrold and Sons, […], →OCLC:
      What I suffered with that rein for four long months in my lady's carriage, it would be hard to describe, but I am quite sure that, had it lasted much longer, either my health or my temper would have given way.
    • 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter II, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:
      I had occasion […] to make a somewhat long business trip to Chicago, and on my return […] I found Farrar awaiting me in the railway station. He smiled his wonted fraction by way of greeting, […] , and finally leading me to his buggy, turned and drove out of town. I was completely mystified at such an unusual proceeding.
  5. (Britain, dialect) Not short; tall.
    • 1908, W[illiam] B[lair] M[orton] Ferguson, chapter I, in Zollenstein, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC:
      The colonel and his sponsor made a queer contrast: Greystone [the sponsor] long and stringy, with a face that seemed as if a cold wind was eternally playing on it.
      1940, Fred Godfrey (lyrics and music), “Bless 'Em All”‎[2]performed by George Formby:
      Bless 'em all. Bless 'em all. The long, the short and the tall.
  7. (finance) Possessing or owning stocks, bonds, commodities, or other financial instruments with the aim of benefiting from an expected rise in their value.
    Antonym: short
    I'm long in DuPont.
    I have a long position in DuPont.
  8. (cricket) Of a fielding position, close to the boundary (or closer to the boundary than the equivalent short position).
  9. Passing or landing ahead of or beyond the intended target or location, as weapons fire or landing aircraft.
    The plane touched down long and overran the end of the runway.
    • 2021 March 10, Drachinifel, 28:10 from the start, in Guadalcanal Campaign - The Big Night Battle: Night 1 (IJN 3(?) : 2 USN)‎[3], archived from the original on 7 November 2022:
      Juneau was making good time with the other surviving U.S. Navy ships, despite her damage, when the I-26 spotted her and sent a salvo of Type 95 torpedoes in her direction. Passing between the Helena and San Francisco, some indication being they had actually been shot at the San Francisco and gone long because San Francisco was travelling significantly slower than expected, they nonetheless hit Juneau and detonated the ship's magazine.
  10. (tennis, of a ball or a shot) Landing beyond the baseline, and therefore deemed to be out.
    That forehand is long.
  11. (gambling) Of betting odds, offering a very large return for a small wager.
  12. Occurring or coming after an extended interval; distant in time; far away.
    • 1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book IIII, Canto IIII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], part II (books IV–VI), London: […] [Richard Field] for William Ponsonby, →OCLC, page 55:
      But Campbell thus did ſhut vp all in ieſt, / Braue Knights and Ladies, certes ye doe wrong / To ſtirre vp ſtrife, when moſt vs needeth reſt, / That we may vs reſerue both freſh and ſtrong, / Againſt the Turneiment which is not long.
  13. (African-American Vernacular, slang, of money) In great supply; abundant.
    • 2011 December 18, “Ballin' Uncontrollably” (track 7), in King Mather's LP‎[4], performed by Eminem:
      I'm talkin' 'bout...I'm talkin' 'bout that long money.
    • 2012 November 8, “I'm Different” (track 6), in Based on a T.R.U. Story‎[5], performed by 2 Chainz:
      Me and broke niggas, we don't get along (Nah). Hair long (Long), money long (Yeah).
    • 2013 October 7, “No Regrets” (track 7), in My Name Is My Name‎[6], performed by Pusha T:
      Rent-a-cars we road run, money longer than train smoke.
    • 2016 November 24, “Upgrade You”‎[7]performed by Kash Doll:
      Money so long, it's offensive.
  14. (slang, MLE) Clipping of taking a long time.
    Synonyms: boring, late, slow, time-consuming
    • 2022 March 18, Ronan Bennett, Gerry Jackson, Tyrone Rashard, Sagirah Gammon, 00:35:44 from the start, in Brady Hood, director, Top Boy(Good Morals) (4), episode 1 (TV), spoken by unnamed boy, girl called B:
      BOY:B, this is long for man, you know. B:Keep complaining. BOY:Fucking gemming it with these things (he continues collecting empty drinks cans)
    • 2023 January 15, Layton Williams, 12:51 from the start, in Freddy Syborn, director, Bad Education(Prison) (4), episode 3 (TV), spoken by Inchez (Anthony J. Abraham):
      INCHEZ:Man this is long! We've been in here for time!
  15. (slang, MLE, by extension) stupid; annoying; bullshit
    • 2015 September 18, “Brand New” (track 6), in Don't Panic‎[8], performed by Smoke Boys:
      [Verse 1:Sleeks]: Keep thinking about Ps that I need but it's long. All these things that I've done in the streets got me on my knees trying to reason with God. B-B beefin' is long but I might still greeze up a Don.
    • 2017 December 17, Guz Khan, Andy Milligan, “Upper Room” (00:38 from the start), in Ollie Parsons, director, Man Like Mobeen (1), episode 3 (TV), spoken by Mobeen Deen (Guz Khan):
      MOBEEN:"I do love nature when it's on television and David Attenborough's presenting. I hate nature in real life! Smells like shite around here! Plants and(he waves a fly away)...plants and that. It's so long!
    • 2022 March 18, Ronan Bennett, Gerry Jackson, Tyrone Rashard, Sagirah Gammon, 00:15:46 from the start, in Brady Hood, director, Top Boy(Good Morals) (4), episode 1 (TV), spoken by Dushane (Ashley Walters):
      DUSHANE:"I'm stepping back from the roads now. All of that shit is long! And by next year, I want to be completely legit, then it's just me, you and Tish.
    • 2023 February 18, Simba-xiv, “Reddit (subreddit:BlackPeopleTwitter)”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)‎[9]:
      Nah fuck that I don't like mixing my circles like that. Plus if some shit goes bad I gotta be in the middle it's all long
  16. (slang, MLE, by extension) serious; deadly.
    Synonyms: the end, curtains
    • 2022 March 18, Ronan Bennett, Gerry Jackson, Tyrone Rashard, 32:20 from the start, in William Stefan Smith, director, Top Boy(Prove Yourself) (4), episode 8 (TV), spoken by Jamie (Micheal Ward):
      JAMIE:"Yo, if I see you man round here again, it is long for you!"
Usage notes Edit
  • Wide is usually used instead of long when referring to a horizontal dimension (left to right).
  • Tall or high are usually used instead of long when referring to positive vertical dimension (upwards), and deep when referring to negative vertical dimension (downwards).
Synonyms Edit
Antonyms Edit
  • (having much distance from one point to another): low (vertically upwards), shallow (vertically upwards or downwards), short
  • (having great duration): brief, short
Hyponyms Edit
Hyponyms of long (long duration)
Derived terms Edit
Translations Edit
See long/translations § Adjective.
See also Edit

Noun Edit

long (plural longs)

  1. (linguistics) A long vowel.
    • 1877, Henry Sweet, A Handbook of Phonetics, volume 2, page 60:
      In French most vowels are half-long, and are only occasionally lengthened or shortened into full longs and shorts.
  2. (prosody) A long syllable.
  3. (music) A note formerly used in music, one half the length of a large, twice that of a breve.
  4. (programming) A long integer variable, twice the size of an int, two or four times the size of a short, and half of a long long.
    A long is typically 64 bits in a 32-bit environment.
  5. (finance) An entity with a long position in an asset.
    Synonym: bull
    Every uptick made the longs cheer.
  6. (finance) An investor having a long position in a security.
  7. (Can we verify(+) this sense?) (finance) A long-term investment.
    • 1977, Jerome B. Cohen, Edward D. Zinbarg, Arthur Zeikel, Guide to Intelligent Investing, →OCLC, page 203:
      Likewise, if borrowers prefer to sell short-maturity issues at the time lenders prefer to invest in longs, as is the case when interest rates are expected to fall, longer maturity issues will tend to yield less than shorter maturity issues.
  8. (Oxbridge, dated) Clipping of long vacation (“summer vacation”).
    • 1863, Charles Reade, Hard Cash:
      " […] Did I not forbid all these nicknames and all this Oxfordish, by proclamation, last Long."
      "Last Long?"
      "Hem! last protracted vacation."

Verb Edit

long (third-person singular simple present longs, present participle longing, simple past and past participle longed)

  1. (transitive, finance) To take a long position in.
    • 2004, Thomas S. Y. Ho with Sang Bin Lee and Sang-bin Yi, The Oxford Guide to Financial Modeling, page 84:
      The left panel shows the profile of a portfolio consisting of longing a call and shorting a put.
Translations Edit

Etymology 2 Edit

From Middle English longe, lange, from Old English longe, lange, from the adjective (see above).

Adverb Edit

long (comparative longer, superlative longest)

  1. (chiefly sports) Over a great distance in space.
    Synonyms: a long way, far
    Antonym: a short distance
    He threw the ball long.
  2. For a particular duration.
    How long is it until the next bus arrives?
    He slept all day long.
  3. For a lengthy duration (see usage notes).
    Antonyms: an instant, a minute, a moment, a second, a short time, not long
    Will this interview take long?
    Paris has long been considered one of the most cultured cities in the world.
    She has known us as long as you.
    I haven't got long to live.
    By eight o'clock, the food will be long gone.
    They are in a hurry; they can't wait for too long.
    I've waited long enough.
    • 1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book VI, Canto XII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], part II (books IV–VI), London: […] [Richard Field] for William Ponsonby, →OCLC, stanza 17, page 512:
      My liefe (ſayd ſhe) ye know, that long ygo, / Whileſt ye in durance dwelt, ye to me gaue / A little mayde, the which ye chylded tho ; / The ſame againe if now ye liſt to haue, / The ſame is yonder Lady, whom high God did ſaue.
    • c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii], page 156, column 1:
      I ſtay too long ; but here my Father comes : / A double bleſſing is a double grace; / Occaſion ſmiles vpon a ſecond leaue.
    • 1922, Michael Arlen, “Ep./4/2”, in “Piracy”: A Romantic Chronicle of These Days:
      The world was awake to the 2nd of May, but Mayfair is not the world, and even the menials of Mayfair lie long abed.
    • 1980, Alain LeRoy Locke, Harlem, Mecca of the New Negro‎[10], page 663:
      Poems by Langston Hughes An Earth Song: It's an earth song - and I've been waiting long for an earth song. It's a Spring song - and I've been waiting long for a Spring song. […] I have been waiting long for this Spring song.
    • 1991, James Melvin Washington, editor, A testament of hope: the essential writings and speeches of Martin Luther King, page 636:
      I answer by saying that I have worked too long and hard now against segregated public accommodations to end up segregating my moral concern.
    • 2013 May-June, David Van Tassel, Lee DeHaan, “Wild Plants to the Rescue”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3:
      Plant breeding is always a numbers game. […] The wild species we use are rich in genetic variation, […]. In addition, we are looking for rare alleles, so the more plants we try, the better. These rarities may be new mutations, or they can be existing ones that are neutral—or are even selected against—in a wild population. A good example is mutations that disrupt seed dispersal, leaving the seeds on the heads long after they are ripe.
    • 2013 July 20, “Out of the gloom”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8845:
      [Rural solar plant] schemes are of little help to industry or other heavy users of electricity. Nor is solar power yet as cheap as the grid. For all that, the rapid arrival of electric light to Indian villages is long overdue. When the national grid suffers its next huge outage, as it did in July 2012 when hundreds of millions were left in the dark, look for specks of light in the villages.
    • 2021 August 19, “Drake”‎[11]performed by Most Certi:
      [Verse 1]: […] Be there in five, man’s taking long. Are you still there? No fam, I’m already gone.
Usage notes Edit

The adverb long, when it means for a lengthy duration, is used freely in questions and negative statements. However, in standard English, it is only used in positive statements when it directly modifies an adjective or participle, or is itself modified by an adverb such as too or enough (see the example sentences above). In other situations, the phrase (for) a long time is used instead:

Does it take long?
— No, it doesn't take long.
(nonstandard) — Yes, it takes long.
— Yes, it takes a long time.
— Yes, it takes far too long.
Derived terms Edit
Translations Edit
See long/translations § Adverb.
See also Edit

Etymology 3 Edit

From Middle English longen, from Old English langian (“to long for, yearn after, grieve for, be pained, lengthen, grow longer, summon, belong”), from Proto-West Germanic *langōn, from Proto-Germanic *langōną (“to desire, long for”), from Proto-Indo-European *lengʷʰ- (“to be easy, be quick, jump, move around, vary”). Cognate with German langen (“to reach, be sufficient”), Swedish langa (“to push, pass by hand”), Icelandic langa (“to want, desire”), Dutch, German verlangen (“to desire, want, long for”).

Verb Edit

long (third-person singular simple present longs, present participle longing, simple past and past participle longed)

  2. (intransitive) To await, aspire, desire greatly (something to occur or to be true).
    Synonyms: ache, yearn
    She longed for him to come back.
    • 1922, Margery Williams, The Velveteen Rabbit:
      The Rabbit sighed. He thought it would be a long time before this magic called Real happened to him. He longed to become Real, to know what it felt like; and yet the idea of growing shabby and losing his eyes and whiskers was rather sad.
Usage notes Edit
Derived terms Edit
Translations Edit
See long/translations § Verb.

Etymology 4 Edit

From Middle English long, lang, an aphetic form of Middle English ilong, ylong, from Old English ġelong, ġelang (“along, belonging, depending, consequent”); the verb later reinterpreted as an aphetic form of belong.

Adjective Edit

long (not comparable)

  1. (archaic) On account of, because of.
    • 1603, Michel de Montaigne, translated by John Florio, Essays, II.8, page 224:
      I am of opinion, that in regarde of theſe debauches and lewde actions, fathers may, in ſome ſort, be blamed, and that it is onely long of them.

Verb Edit

long (third-person singular simple present longs, present participle longing, simple past and past participle longed)

  1. (archaic) To be appropriate to, to pertain or belong to.

Etymology 5 Edit

Shortening of longitude.

Noun Edit

long (plural longs)

  2. Abbreviation of longitude.
Coordinate terms Edit

Etymology 6 Edit

From Middle English longen, from Old English langian (“to belong, pertain”), from Old English *lang, which is of uncertain origin yet related to Old English ġelang (“dependent, attainable, present, belonging, consequent”), Old Saxon gilang (“ready, available”).

Verb Edit

long (third-person singular simple present longs, present participle longing, simple past and past participle longed)

  1. (obsolete) To belong.
    • c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act II, scene v:
      Now ſend Ambaſſage to thy neighbor Kinges,
      And let them know the Perſian King is chang’d:
      From one that knew not what a King ſhould doe,
      To one that can commaund what longs there to: […]

Further reading Edit

Afrikaans Edit

Etymology Edit

From Dutch long, from Middle Dutch longe, also longen, longene, from Old Dutch *lungan, *lunganna, from Proto-Germanic *lunganjō.

Pronunciation Edit

Noun Edit

long (plural longe, diminutive longetjie)

  1. lung

Chinese Pidgin English Edit

Etymology Edit

From English along. Equivalent to Cantonese 同 (tung4) grammatically.

Preposition Edit

long

  1. comitative case marker
  2. benefactive case marker
  3. ablative case marker

References Edit

  • Umberto Ansaldo; Stephen Matthews; Geoff Smith (2010), “China Coast Pidgin: Texts and contexts”, in Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages‎[12], volume 25, issue 1, →DOI, pages 63-94

Dutch Edit

Etymology Edit

From Middle Dutch longe, also longen, longene, from Old Dutch *lungan, *lunganna, from Proto-Germanic *lunganjō.

Pronunciation Edit

Noun Edit

long f or m (plural longen, diminutive longetje n)

  1. lung

Usage notes Edit

Traditionally feminine in the Netherlands, masculine in Belgium due to masculinisation.

Derived terms Edit

Descendants Edit

  • Afrikaans: long
  • Negerhollands: longe
  • → Papiamentu: long (dated)
  • → Sranan Tongo: lon
    • → Caribbean Javanese: long

References Edit

  • “long” in Woordenlijst Nederlandse Taal – Officiële Spelling, Nederlandse Taalunie. [the official spelling word list for the Dutch language]

Franco-Provençal Edit

Adjective Edit

long m (feminine singular longe, masculine plural longs, feminine plural longes)

  1. long

Derived terms Edit

French Edit

Etymology Edit

Inherited from Old French long, from longe, longue, feminine of lonc, lunc, from Latin longus, from Proto-Indo-European *dlongʰos (“long”). Cognate with English long, origin of German Chaiselongue.

Pronunciation Edit

Adjective Edit

long (feminine longue, masculine plural longs, feminine plural longues)

  1. long
    Synonyms: épais, grand, haut, large, profond
    Antonyms: bas, court, étroit, mince

Derived terms Edit

Noun Edit

long m (plural longs)

  1. length
    Le nez de Pinocchio mesure le matin 5 cm de long.
    Pinocchio's nose measures 5 cm long in the morning.
    J’aime marcher le long du fleuve.
    I like walking along the river.

Derived terms Edit

Further reading Edit

Haitian Creole Edit

Etymology Edit

From French long (“long”).

Pronunciation Edit

  This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

Adjective Edit

long

  1. long

Hlai Edit

Etymology Edit

From Proto-Hlai *C-luŋ (“big”), from Pre-Hlai *C-luŋ (Norquest, 2015). Compare Proto-Tai *ʰluəŋᴬ (“big”) (whence Thai หลวง (lǔuang)).

Pronunciation Edit

Adjective Edit

long

  1. big

Synonyms Edit

Indonesian Edit

Etymology Edit

From Betawi [Term?], from Hokkien 烺 (lóng, lōng, “bright”).

Pronunciation Edit

  • IPA(key): [ˈlɔŋ]
  • Hyphenation: long

Noun Edit

long (first-person possessive longku, second-person possessive longmu, third-person possessive longnya)

  1. large firecracker.
    Hypernym: petasan

Alternative forms Edit

Further reading Edit

Irish Edit

Etymology Edit

From Old Irish long, from Latin (navis) longa (“long (ship)”).

Pronunciation Edit

Noun Edit

long f (genitive singular loinge, nominative plural longa)

  1. ship

Declension Edit

Declension of long

Second declension

Bare forms

Case Singular Plural
Nominative long longa
Vocative a long a longa
Genitive loinge long
Dative long
loing (archaic, dialectal) 		longa

Forms with the definite article

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an long na longa
Genitive na loinge na long
Dative leis an long
leis an loing (archaic, dialectal)

don long
don loing (archaic, dialectal)

leis na longa

Derived terms Edit

Further reading Edit

Jamaican Creole Edit

Etymology Edit

From English long.

Adverb Edit

long

  1. For a lengthy duration (see usage notes).
    • 2019 October 21, “Bruk It”‎[13]performed by Spice (musician) and Jugglerz:
      [Verse 2]: Him seh 'im love di way mi bubble how mi tan pon hi' long. Mek me talk Chinese like me live Hong Kong.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Usage notes Edit

Unlike in standard English, in Jamaican creole the adverb long, when it means for a lengthy duration, is used freely in questions and statements, whether positive or negative.

Malay Edit

Etymology Edit

Compare Khmer លោង (loong), Cham [louŋ], Thai โลง (loong).

Pronunciation Edit

  This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

Noun Edit

long (Jawi spelling لوڠ‎, plural long-long, informal 1st possessive longku, 2nd possessive longmu, 3rd possessive longnya)

  1. coffin; casket
    Synonyms: larung, keranda

Further reading Edit

Mandarin Edit

Romanization Edit

long

  1. Nonstandard spelling of lōng.
  2. Nonstandard spelling of lóng.
  3. Nonstandard spelling of lǒng.
  4. Nonstandard spelling of lòng.

Usage notes Edit

  • Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Middle English Edit

Alternative forms Edit

Etymology Edit

From Old English lang, from Proto-West Germanic *lang.

Pronunciation Edit

  • IPA(key): /lɔnɡ/, /lɔːnɡ/

Adjective Edit

long

  1. long

Descendants Edit

References Edit

Mizo Edit

Etymology Edit

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *looŋ, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-lawŋ.

Noun Edit

long

  1. boat

References Edit

  • Grammar and Dictionary of the Lushai Language by J.H. Lorrain, Shillong 1898

Naga Pidgin Edit

 
long

Etymology Edit

Inherited from Assamese লং (loṅ), from Sanskrit लवङ्ग (lavaṅga).

Noun Edit

long (plural longkhan)

  1. clove

Norman Edit

Alternative forms Edit

Etymology Edit

From Old French long, a back-formation from longe, longue, the feminine form of Early Old French lonc, from Latin longus.

Adjective Edit

long m

  1. (Jersey) long

Occitan Edit

Etymology Edit

From Latin longus.

Adjective Edit

long m (feminine singular longa, masculine plural longs, feminine plural longas)

  1. long

Related terms Edit

Old English Edit

Pronunciation Edit

Adjective Edit

long

  1. Alternative form of lang

Declension Edit

Declension of long — Strong
Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative long long long
Accusative longne longe long
Genitive longes longre longes
Dative longum longre longum
Instrumental longe longre longe
Plural Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative longe longa, longe long
Accusative longe longa, longe long
Genitive longra longra longra
Dative longum longum longum
Instrumental longum longum longum
Declension of long — Weak
Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative longa longe longe
Accusative longan longan longe
Genitive longan longan longan
Dative longan longan longan
Instrumental longan longan longan
Plural Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative longan longan longan
Accusative longan longan longan
Genitive longra, longena longra, longena longra, longena
Dative longum longum longum
Instrumental longum longum longum

Old French Edit

Alternative forms Edit

  • lonc (early Old French)
  • lunc (Anglo-Norman)

Etymology Edit

Backformation from longe, longue, the feminine form of lonc.

Pronunciation Edit

Adjective Edit

long m (oblique and nominative feminine singular longe or longue)

  1. long (length, duration)

Declension Edit

Declension of long
Number Case Masculine Feminine Neuter
Singular Subject longs longe or longue long
Oblique long longe or longue long
Plural Subject long longes or longues long
Oblique longs longes or longues long

Descendants Edit

Old Frisian Edit

Etymology Edit

From Proto-West Germanic *lang, from Proto-Germanic *langaz, from Proto-Indo-European *dlongʰos. Cognates include Old English lang, Old Saxon lang and Old Dutch *lang.

Pronunciation Edit

Adjective Edit

long

  1. long

Descendants Edit

References Edit

  • Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009) An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN

Old Irish Edit

Etymology Edit

Generally assumed to be a Latin loan, from (navis) longa, but Joseph Loth believed it to be from Proto-Celtic; either way, cognate to Welsh llong.

Pronunciation Edit

Noun Edit

long f (genitive lungae, nominative plural longa)

  1. boat
  2. ship

Inflection Edit

Feminine ā-stem
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative longL loingL, luing longaH
Vocative longL loingL, luing longaH
Accusative loingN, luing loingL, luing longaH
Genitive lungaeH longL longN
Dative loingL, luing longaib longaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization

Synonyms Edit

Descendants Edit

Mutation Edit

Old Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Nasalization
long
also llong after a proclitic 		long
pronounced with /l(ʲ)-/ 		unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Pijin Edit

This entry has fewer than three known examples of actual usage, the minimum considered necessary for clear attestation, and may not be reliable. This language is subject to a special exemption for languages with limited documentation. If you speak it, please consider editing this entry or adding citations. See also Help and the Community Portal.

Preposition Edit

long

  1. to; toward; into
  2. in; at; near
    • 1988, Geoffrey Miles White, Bikfala faet: olketa Solomon Aelanda rimembarem Wol Wo Tu‎[14], page 75:
      Bihaen hemi finisim skul blong hem, hemi go minista long sios long ples blong hem long 'Areo.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Scottish Gaelic Edit

Etymology Edit

From Old Irish long. Compare Welsh llong.

Pronunciation Edit

Noun Edit

long f (genitive singular luinge, plural longan)

  1. ship

Derived terms Edit

Tok Pisin Edit

FWOTD – 12 March 2013

Etymology Edit

From English along.

Pronunciation Edit

  • IPA(key): /loŋ/, [lɔŋ], [lɔ(ː)]

Preposition Edit

long

  1. Used to mark spatial direct objects that something is oriented in the manner of, where English would use to, toward, into, or onto
    • 1989, Buk Baibel long Tok Pisin, Port Moresby: Bible Society of Papua New Guinea, Jenesis 1:15:
      Ol dispela lait i mas kamap long skai bilong givim lait long graun.”
      →New International Version translation
      • These lights must rise in the sky to cast light toward the ground.
  2. Used to mark spatial direct objects that something is oriented in the location of, where English would use in, at, on, or near
    • 1989, Buk Baibel long Tok Pisin, Port Moresby: Bible Society of Papua New Guinea, Jenesis 1:15:
      Ol dispela lait i mas kamap long skai bilong givim lait long graun.”
      →New International Version translation
      • These lights must rise in the sky to cast light toward the ground.
  3. Used to mark indirect objects, or direct objects of intransitive verbs, where English would use to
    • 1989, Buk Baibel long Tok Pisin, Port Moresby: Bible Society of Papua New Guinea, Jenesis 1:22:
      Na God i mekim gutpela tok bilong givim strong long ol. Em i tokim ol olsem, “Yupela ol kain kain samting bilong solwara, yupela i mas kamap planti na pulapim olgeta hap bilong solwara. Na yupela ol pisin, yupela i mas kamap planti long graun.”
      →New International Version translation
      • And God made a good speech to give strength to them. He said to them: "You varied things of the ocean, you must multiply and fill every part of the sea. And you birds, you must multiply on earth.
  4. Used to mark spatial direct objects that something is oriented in the manner opposite of, extracted from, or away from, where English would use from or out of
    • 1989, Buk Baibel long Tok Pisin, Port Moresby: Bible Society of Papua New Guinea, Jenesis 2:22:
      Orait God i wokim wanpela meri long dispela bun em i bin kisim long man, na bihain em i bringim meri i go long man.
      →New International Version translation
      • Then God made a woman out of that bone he had taken from the man, and later he brought the woman to go to the man.
  5. Used to mark temporal direct objects in which a condition lasts for a certain duration of time, where English would use for
    • 1989, Buk Baibel long Tok Pisin, Port Moresby: Bible Society of Papua New Guinea, Jenesis 3:14:
      Na God, Bikpela i tokim snek olsem, “Yu bin mekim dispela pasin nogut, olsem na nau mi gat strongpela tok bilong daunim yu. Bai yu gat bikpela hevi. Hevi yu karim bai i winim hevi bilong olgeta arapela animal. Nau na long olgeta taim bihain bai yu wokabaut long bel bilong yu tasol. Na bai yu kaikai das bilong graun.
      →New International Version translation
      • And the Lord God said to the snake: "You did a bad deed, and so I have a powerful curse for you. You will have a great weight. The wight you carry will exceed that of any all animals. Now, and for all times, you will only walk on your stomach. And you will eat the dirt of the earth.
  6. Used to mark a verb whose subject is the direct object of another verb, where English would use to or from
    • 1989, Buk Baibel long Tok Pisin, Port Moresby: Bible Society of Papua New Guinea, Jenesis 3:17:
      Na God i tokim Adam olsem, “Yu bin harim tok bilong meri bilong yu, na yu bin kaikai pikinini bilong dispela diwai mi bin tambuim yu long kaikai. Olsem na nau bai mi bagarapim graun, na ol kaikai bai i no inap kamap gut long en. Oltaim bai yu wok hat tru bilong mekim kaikai i kamap long graun.
      →New International Version translation
      • And God said to Adam: "You listened to what your woman said, and you ate a fruit of this tree which I have forbidden you from eating. And so I will now corrupt the earth, and food will not grow well enough. You will work very hard forever to make food grow in the ground.

Derived terms Edit

Vietnamese Edit

Pronunciation Edit

Etymology 1 Edit

Compare lung as in lung lay.

Adjective Edit

long

  1. loose
    răng long ― loose tooth

Etymology 2 Edit

Sino-Vietnamese word from 龍 (“dragon”).

Noun Edit

long

  1. (only in compounds) dragon

Welsh Edit

Pronunciation Edit

Noun Edit

long

  1. Soft mutation of llong.

Mutation Edit

Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
llong long unchanged unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Yola Edit

Adjective Edit

long

  1. Alternative form of lhaung
    • 1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, line 12:
      praie var long an happie zins, shorne o'lournagh an ee-vilt wi benisons,
      implore long and happy days, free from melancholy and full of blessings,

References Edit

  • Jacob Poole (1867), William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, page 116
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