Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/spéḱyeti
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
editEtymology
editFrom *speḱ- (“to see, to look, to observe”) + *-yeti.
Verb
edit*spéḱyeti (imperfective)[1][2][3][4]
- to be looking at, to keep looking at
Inflection
edit| Imperfective, thematic | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3rd singular | *spéḱyeti | ||||
| 3rd plural | *spéḱyonti | ||||
| Active voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *spéḱyoh₂ | *spéḱyom | — | *spéḱyōh₂ | *spéḱyoyh₁m̥ |
| 2nd singular | *spéḱyesi | *spéḱyes | *spéḱye | *spéḱyēsi | *spéḱyoys |
| 3rd singular | *spéḱyeti | *spéḱyet | *spéḱyetu | *spéḱyēti | *spéḱyoyt |
| 1st dual | *spéḱyowos | *spéḱyowe | — | *spéḱyōwos | *spéḱyoywe |
| 2nd dual | *spéḱyetes | *spéḱyetom | *spéḱyetom | *spéḱyētes | *spéḱyoytom |
| 3rd dual | *spéḱyetes | *spéḱyetām | *spéḱyetām | *spéḱyētes | *spéḱyoytām |
| 1st plural | *spéḱyomos | *spéḱyome | — | *spéḱyōmos | *spéḱyoyme |
| 2nd plural | *spéḱyete | *spéḱyete | *spéḱyete | *spéḱyēte | *spéḱyoyte |
| 3rd plural | *spéḱyonti | *spéḱyont | *spéḱyontu | *spéḱyōnti | *spéḱyoyh₁n̥t |
| Participle | *spéḱyonts | ||||
| Middle voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *spéḱyoh₂er | *spéḱyoh₂e | — | *spéḱyōh₂er | *spéḱyoyh₂e |
| 2nd singular | *spéḱyeth₂er | *spéḱyeth₂e | *spéḱyeso | *spéḱyēth₂er | *spéḱyoyth₂e |
| 3rd singular | *spéḱyetor | *spéḱyeto | *? | *spéḱyētor | *spéḱyoyto, *spéḱyoyh₁o |
| 1st dual | *spéḱyowosdʰh₂ | *spéḱyowedʰh₂ | — | *spéḱyōwosdʰh₂ | *spéḱyoywedʰh₂ |
| 2nd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 3rd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 1st plural | *spéḱyomosdʰh₂ | *spéḱyomedʰh₂ | — | *spéḱyōmosdʰh₂ | *spéḱyoymedʰh₂ |
| 2nd plural | *spéḱyedʰh₂we | *spéḱyedʰh₂we | *spéḱyedʰh₂we | *spéḱyēdʰh₂we | *spéḱyoydʰh₂we |
| 3rd plural | *spéḱyontor | *spéḱyonto | *? | *spéḱyōntor | *spéḱyoyro |
| Participle | *spéḱyomnos | ||||
Descendants
edit- Proto-Hellenic: *sképťomai (with metathesis)
- Ancient Greek: σκέπτομαι (sképtomai)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *spáćyati
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *(s)páśyati
- Sanskrit: पश्यति (páśyati) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Iranian: *spácyati
- Old Avestan: 𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬯𐬌𐬌𐬁 (spasiiā, 1sg.pres.act.)
- Younger Avestan: 𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬯𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (spasiieiti)
- Old Avestan: 𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬯𐬌𐬌𐬁 (spasiiā, 1sg.pres.act.)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *(s)páśyati
- Proto-Italic: *spekjō
- Latin: speciō
References
edit- ^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
- ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*spas”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 353-354
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “σκέπτομαι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1347-1348
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “speciō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 578-579