Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yeti
See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yéti
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European edit
Suffix edit
*(é)-yeti
- Creates transitive imperfective verbs from roots.
Usage notes edit
In many daughter languages, this suffix came to be affixed to stems as well. It was used frequently to convert originally athematic inflections into thematic inflections.
Inflection edit
| Imperfective, thematic | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3rd singular | *(é)-yeti | ||||
| 3rd plural | *(é)-yonti | ||||
| Active voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *(é)-yoh₂ | *(é)-yom | — | *(é)-yōh₂ | *(é)-yoyh₁m̥ |
| 2nd singular | *(é)-yesi | *(é)-yes | *(é)-ye | *(é)-yēsi | *(é)-yoys |
| 3rd singular | *(é)-yeti | *(é)-yet | *(é)-yetu | *(é)-yēti | *(é)-yoyt |
| 1st dual | *(é)-yowos | *(é)-yowe | — | *(é)-yōwos | *(é)-yoywe |
| 2nd dual | *(é)-yetes | *(é)-yetom | *(é)-yetom | *(é)-yētes | *(é)-yoytom |
| 3rd dual | *(é)-yetes | *(é)-yetām | *(é)-yetām | *(é)-yētes | *(é)-yoytām |
| 1st plural | *(é)-yomos | *(é)-yome | — | *(é)-yōmos | *(é)-yoyme |
| 2nd plural | *(é)-yete | *(é)-yete | *(é)-yete | *(é)-yēte | *(é)-yoyte |
| 3rd plural | *(é)-yonti | *(é)-yont | *(é)-yontu | *(é)-yōnti | *(é)-yoyh₁n̥t |
| Participle | *(é)-yonts | ||||
| Middle voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *(é)-yoh₂er | *(é)-yoh₂e | — | *(é)-yōh₂er | *(é)-yoyh₂e |
| 2nd singular | *(é)-yeth₂er | *(é)-yeth₂e | *(é)-yeso | *(é)-yēth₂er | *(é)-yoyth₂e |
| 3rd singular | *(é)-yetor | *(é)-yeto | *? | *(é)-yētor | *(é)-yoyto, *(é)-yoyh₁o |
| 1st dual | *(é)-yowosdʰh₂ | *(é)-yowedʰh₂ | — | *(é)-yōwosdʰh₂ | *(é)-yoywedʰh₂ |
| 2nd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 3rd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 1st plural | *(é)-yomosdʰh₂ | *(é)-yomedʰh₂ | — | *(é)-yōmosdʰh₂ | *(é)-yoymedʰh₂ |
| 2nd plural | *(é)-yedʰh₂we | *(é)-yedʰh₂we | *(é)-yedʰh₂we | *(é)-yēdʰh₂we | *(é)-yoydʰh₂we |
| 3rd plural | *(é)-yoror, *(é)-yontor | *(é)-yoro, *(é)-yonto | *? | *(é)-yōror, *(é)-yōntor | *(é)-yoyro, *(é)-yoyh₁n̥to |
| Participle | *(é)-yomnos | ||||
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
- Armenian:
- Old Armenian: -եմ (-em) (partially)
- Proto-Germanic: *-(i)ja- (j-presents, class 1 weak verbs)
- Proto-Hellenic: *-yō
- Ancient Greek: -έω (-éō) (partially, when added to roots, when compounded with *-e- (noun thematic vowel), ie. *-eyé-, when added to s-stem nouns, ie. *-esyé-)
- Ancient Greek: -όω (-óō) (aboriginal ἀρόω (aróō) and new denominative verbs to o-stem nouns)
- Ancient Greek: -πτω (-ptō) (< *-pye-, *-pʰye-)
- Ancient Greek: -σσω (-ssō), -ττω (-ttō) (< *-kye-, *-kʰye-, *-kʷye-, *-kʷʰye-, *-tye-, *-tʰye-, *-gye-)
- Ancient Greek: -ζω (-zō) (< *-gye-, *-gʷye-, *-dye-)
- Ancient Greek: -λλω (-llō) (< *-lye-)
- Ancient Greek: -ιCω (-iCō) (< *-Cye-)
- Italic:
- Latin: -iō (Third conjugation verbs iō-variation)
- Latin: -iō (Fourth conjugation verbs, partially, when compounded with *-i- (noun thematic vowel), ie. *-iyé-, or by later non-inherited fabrications)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-yati
See also edit
References edit
- Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
- Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
- "Elements of the Avestan Verb Morphology": https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/didact/idg/iran/avest/avvmorph.htm