Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wósn̥
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European edit
Etymology edit
From the root *wes- (“to sell, trade”) + *-n̥.
Noun edit
Inflection edit
Old pattern:
| Athematic, acrostatic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | |||
| nominative | *wósn̥ | ||
| genitive | *wésn̥s | ||
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative | *wósn̥ | — | — |
| vocative | *wósn̥ | — | — |
| accusative | *wósn̥ | — | — |
| genitive | *wésn̥s | — | — |
| ablative | *wésn̥s | — | — |
| dative | *wésney | — | — |
| locative | *wésn̥, *wésni | — | — |
| instrumental | *wésn̥h₁ | — | — |
Possible later patterns:
| Athematic, proterokinetic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | |||
| nominative | *wósn̥ | ||
| genitive | *uséns | ||
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative | *wósn̥ | — | — |
| vocative | *wósn̥ | — | — |
| accusative | *wósn̥ | — | — |
| genitive | *uséns | — | — |
| ablative | *uséns | — | — |
| dative | *uséney | — | — |
| locative | *usén, *uséni | — | — |
| instrumental | *usénh₁ | — | — |
| Athematic, amphikinetic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | |||
| nominative | *wósn̥ | ||
| genitive | *usnés | ||
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative | *wósn̥ | — | — |
| vocative | *wósn̥ | — | — |
| accusative | *wósn̥ | — | — |
| genitive | *usnés | — | — |
| ablative | *usnés | — | — |
| dative | *usnéy | — | — |
| locative | *usén, *uséni | — | — |
| instrumental | *usnéh₁ | — | — |
Reconstruction notes edit
The original inflection type of the noun is opaque, since only thematic and verbal derivatives survive, but the fact that both e-grade (found in at least Latin and Armenian) and o-grade (found in at least Greek) forms exist could point to an acrostatic ablauting paradigm *wósn- ~ *wésn-. The zero-grade in Hittite would then be secondary.
Derived terms edit
- *wosn-ó-s
- Proto-Hellenic:
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wasnás[3]
- ⇒ *wosn-éye-ti (“to put on sale; to bargain”, éye-causative)[1][4]
- Proto-Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: ὠνέομαι (ōnéomai)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wasnáyati
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *wasnáyati
- Sanskrit: वस्नयन्ता (vasnayántā, “huckstering, haggling”, 3rd pers. pl. pres. participle)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *wasnáyati
- Proto-Hellenic:
- ⇒ *wósn-yo-s (“vendible”)
- *wésn-o-s[2][5][6]
- *úsn-ye-ti (ye-present)[4][6]
- Proto-Anatolian:
- Hittite: 𒍑𒉌𒅀𒍣 (uš-ni-i̯a-zi /usniatsi/, “to put up for sale”)
- Proto-Anatolian:
References edit
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ὦνος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1680
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “vēnus/m”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 663: “*uos-n, *us-en-s”
- ^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “vásna-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “ušni̯ie/a-zi”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 981: “*us-n-”
- ^ Weeks, David Michael (2006) Hittite Vocabulary: An Anatolian Appendix to Buck’s Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages. A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Indo-European Studies[1], Los Angeles, page 78
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 213