Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wekʷ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*wekʷ- (imperfective)

1. to speak, to sound out

Derived terms

► Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *wekʷ-

• *wékʷ-ti (athematic root present)
  • Indo-Iranian: *wákti
    • Indo-Aryan: *wákti
      • Sanskrit: वक्ति (vákti)
    • Iranian: *wáxti
      • ⇒ Northern Kurdish: bang (“call”)
      • ⇒ Northern Kurdish: deng (“voice”)
      • ⇒ Northern Kurdish: gotin (“to say”), -bêj-
• *wókʷ-e-ti (o-grade root thematic present)
  • Germanic: *gawahwaną (“to mention”) (see there for further descendants)
• *wókʷ-ye-ti (o-grade root ye-present)
  • Armenian:
    • Old Armenian: գոչեմ (gočʿem, “to cry out”)
• *wí-wekʷ-ti ~ *wí-wk-n̥ti (reduplicated present)
  • Indo-Iranian: *wíwakti
    • Indo-Aryan: *wíwakti
      • Vedic Sanskrit: विवक्ति (vívakti)
• *we-wókʷ-e ~ *we-wkʷ-ḗr (reduplicated perfect)
  • Indo-Iranian: *wawā́ča
    • Indo-Aryan: *wawā́ća
      • Sanskrit: ववाच (vavā́ca), उवाच (uvā́ca)
    • Iranian: *wawā́ča
      • Younger Avestan: 𐬬𐬀𐬊𐬗𐬈‎ (vaoce)
• *wé-wk-e-t (reduplicated thematic aorist)
• *wṓkʷ-s
• *wékʷ-os ~ *wékʷ-es-os
  • Celtic: *wekʷos (see there for further descendants)
  • Hellenic: *wékʷos
    • Ancient Greek: ἔπος (épos)
  • Indo-Iranian: *wáčas (see there for further descendants)
• *wékʷ-ti-s ~ *ukʷ-téy-s
  • Indo-Iranian: *uktíš
    • Indo-Aryan: *uktíṣ
      • Sanskrit: उक्ति (uktí)
    • Iranian: *uxtíš
      • Avestan: 𐬎𐬑𐬙𐬌‎‎ (uxti‎)
  • Balto-Slavic: *wektís
    • Slavic: *veťь (“thing”) (see there for further descendants)
  • Germanic: *wihtiz (“being”) (see there for further descendants)
• *wokʷ-tló-m
  • Celtic: *woxtlom (see there for further descendants)
  • Indo-Iranian: *waktrám
    • Indo-Aryan: *waktrám
      • Sanskrit: वक्त्र (vaktrá, “mouth”)
• *wókʷ-to-s
  • Germanic: *wahtaz
    • Old Norse: váttr (“witness”)
      • Faroese: váttur
• *wokʷ-smn̥
  • Celtic: *woxsman
    • Middle Irish: fúaimm
      • Irish: fuaim
      • Scottish Gaelic: fuaim
• *wokʷ-yeh₂
  • Hellenic: *woťťa
    • Ancient Greek: ὄσσα (óssa), ὄττα (ótta)
• *ukʷ-tó-s
  • Indo-Iranian: *uktás
    • Indo-Aryan: *uktás
      • Sanskrit: उक्त (uktá, “said, spoken”), past participle of वच् (vac, “to speak”)
    • ⇒ Indo-Iranian: *Hsūktás (< *Hsu- +‎ *uktás)
      • Indo-Aryan: *Hsūktás
        • Sanskrit: सूक्त (sūktá, “well or properly said or recited”)
      • Iranian: *Hhūxtáh
        • Avestan: 𐬵𐬏𐬑𐬙𐬀‎ (hūxta, “good word”)
• *h₁weru-wokʷ-, *h₁uru-wkʷ- (“far-sounding”)
  • Hellenic: *ewrúwokʷā
    • Ancient Greek: εὐρύοπα (eurúopa)
  • Indo-Iranian:
    • Vedic Sanskrit: उरूची (urūcī́)

Unsorted formations

• Albanian: [Term?]
  • Albanian: ves
• Anatolian: [Term?]
  • Hittite: [script needed] (huek-), [script needed] (huk-, “to conjure, swear”)
• Balto-Slavic: [Term?]
  • Old Prussian: enwackē (“they call”)

References

• Kluge, Friedrich, “erwähnen”, in Elmar Seebold, editor, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological dictionary of the German language] (in German), 22nd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1989, →ISBN