Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/yúHs

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European edit

Etymology edit

Probably from a root *yewH- (“to mix”).

Noun edit

*yúHs^[1]^[2]^[3]

soup, broth
fermented product; leaven

Derived terms edit

*yúHs-meh₂^[4]
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: ζύμη (zúmē, “leaven, beer-yeast”)
    - Greek: ζύμη (zými)
    - → English: zyme, zymo-
    - →⇒ German: Enzym
      - → English: enzyme
      - → French: enzyme
      - → Italian: enzima
      - → Spanish: enzima
*yuHs-ḗn
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *yuHsā́
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *yuHsā́
    - Sanskrit: यूषन् (yūṣán)
*yowHs-ó-s^[3]^[5]^[6]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *jáušāˀ
  - Proto-Slavic: *jūxà (“soup”) (with unexplained loss of laryngeal) (see there for further descendants)
*yuHs-ó-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *yuHsás
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *yuHsás
    - Sanskrit: यूष (yūṣa, “soup; water in which pulses have been boiled”) (see there for further descendants)
*yuHs-to-s^[7]
- Proto-Germanic: *justaz (“cheese”)
  - → Proto-Finnic: *juusto
  - → Proto-Samic: *vuostā

Descendants edit

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *jūˀšē^[3]
- Lithuanian: jū́šė (“fish soup”)
- Old Prussian: iuse (“broth”)
Proto-Indo-Iranian: *yúHs
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *yúHs
  - Sanskrit: यूस् (yū́s, “soup, broth”)
Proto-Italic: *jūs^[5]
- Latin: iūs (“soup”) (see there for further descendants)

Unsorted formations

Proto-Celtic: *yūskos, *yuskos^[8]
- Middle Irish: úsc, úsca (“lard, fat”)

References edit

^ Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 263
^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “yís.-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Derksen, Rick (2015) “jūšė”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 216
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ζύμη”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 503
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “iūs”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 316
^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*jūxà”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 208: “f. ā (b) ‘broth, soup’”
^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*jū̆sta-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 275
^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*yūsko-, *yusko-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 438

[1] Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 263

[2] Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “yís.-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University

[Derksen-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Derksen, Rick (2015) “jūšė”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 216

[B-4] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ζύμη”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 503

[De_Vaan-5] 5.0 ^5.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “iūs”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 316

[6] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*jūxà”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 208: “f. ā (b) ‘broth, soup’”

[7] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*jū̆sta-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 275

[8] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*yūsko-, *yusko-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 438

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