Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/wertō

This Proto-Italic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Italic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *wértti (“to be turning around”), from the root *wert- (“to turn, rotate”).

Verb

*wertō first-singular present indicative

1. to turn

Inflection

The perfect stem *wort- is dereduplicated from original *wowort-.

Inflection of *wertō (third conjugation)
Present	*wertō
Perfect	*wortai
Aorist	—
Past participle	*worssos
Present indicative	Active	Passive
1st sing.	*wertō	*wertōr
2nd sing.	*wertes	*wertezo
3rd sing.	*wertet	*wertetor
1st plur.	*wertomos	*wertomor
2nd plur.	*wertetes	*wertem(e?)n(ai?)
3rd plur.	*wertont	*wertontor
Present subjunctive	Active	Passive
1st sing.	*wertām	*wertār
2nd sing.	*wertās	*wertāzo
3rd sing.	*wertād	*wertātor
1st plur.	*wertāmos	*wertāmor
2nd plur.	*wertātes	*wertām(e?)n(ai?)
3rd plur.	*wertānd	*wertāntor
Perfect indicative	Active
1st sing.	*wortai
2nd sing.	*wortistai?
3rd sing.	*wortei
1st plur.	*wortme?
2nd plur.	*worte
3rd plur.	*wortēri
Aorist indicative	Active
1st sing.	—
2nd sing.	—
3rd sing.	—
1st plur.	—
2nd plur.	—
3rd plur.	—
Present imperative	Active	Passive
2nd sing.	*werte	*wertezo
2nd plur.	*wertete	—
Future imperative	Active
2nd + 3rd sing.	*wertetōd
Participles	Present	Past
	*wertents	*worssos
Verbal nouns	tu-derivative	s-derivative
	*worssum	*wertezi

Derived terms

• *kom-wertō
  • Latin: convertō (see there for further descendants)
  • Umbrian: 𐌊𐌖𐌅𐌄𐌓𐌕𐌖 (kuvertu, 3sg. impv.), 𐌊𐌖𐌅𐌖𐌓𐌕𐌖𐌔 (kuvurtus), couortus, courtust (3sg. fut. perf.), couortuso
• *werssōr (*-tōr agent noun)
  • Oscan: ϝερσορει (wersorei, dat. sg.)

Descendants

• Latin: vertō (see there for further descendants)
• Umbrian: 𐌅𐌖𐌓𐌕𐌖𐌔 (vurtus, 3sg. fut. perf.)