Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wert-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-EuropeanEdit

RootEdit

*wert- (imperfective)^[1]^[2]

to turn, to rotate

Derived termsEdit

► Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *wert-

*wért-ti ~ *wr̥t-énti (athematic root present)
*wért-e-tor (thematic middle)
- Indo-Iranian: *wártatay
  - Indo-Aryan: *wártatay
    - Sanskrit: वर्तते (vártate, “to turn”)
*wr̥t-éh₁-ti (éh₁-stative)
- Balto-Slavic: *wirtḗˀtei
  - Slavic: *vьrtě̀ti (“to turn”) (see there for further descendants)
*wert-ye- (ye-present)
- Balto-Slavic: [Term?]
  - Lithuanian: versti
*we-wórt-e ~ *we-wr̥t-ḗr (stative)
*wort-éye-ti (causative)
*wért-tis
- Germanic: *wurstiz (“sausage”) (see there for further descendants)
*wr̥t-ís
- Germanic: *wurdiz (“fate”) (see there for further descendants)
*wert-en-om
- Indo-Iranian: [Term?]
  - Indo-Aryan: [Term?]
    - Sanskrit: वर्तन (vártana)
- Slavic: *verteno (see there for further descendants)
*wért-mn̥
- Balto-Slavic: *werˀtmin
  - Slavic: *vermę (see there for further descendants)
- Indo-Iranian: *wártma
  - Indo-Aryan: *wártma
    - Sanskrit: वर्त्मन् (vártman) (see there for further descendants)
Unsorted formations:
- Albanian: *writja^[3]
  - Albanian: rris
- Indo-Iranian: [Term?]
  - Indo-Aryan: [Term?]
    - Sanskrit: वर्तिन् (vartin)
- Indo-Iranian:
  - Iranian:
    - Middle Persian: [script needed] (wrd-)
      - Persian: گرد‎ (gerd)
      - Tajik: гирд (gird)
- Balto-Slavic: [Term?]
  - (Baltic:)
    - Lithuanian: vir̃sti
    - Latvian: virst
    - Old Prussian: wirst
  - Slavic: *vorta (“gate”) (see there for further descendants)
  - Slavic: *vьrsta, *vьrstva (“row, line, age, kind”)
    - South Slavic:
      - Macedonian: врста (vrsta)
      - Old Church Slavonic:
        Old Cyrillic: врьста (vrĭsta)
      - Serbo-Croatian:
        Cyrillic: врста
        
        Latin: vrsta
      - Slovene: vrsta
    - West Slavic:
      - Polish: warstwa
- Germanic: *werþaz, *wardaz (see there for further descendants)
- Celtic: *wertos
  - Brythonic: *gwerθ (possibly Germanic borrowing) (see there for further descendants)

ReferencesEdit

^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
^ Orel, Vladimir (1998) , “rris”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Cologne: Brill, →ISBN, page 387

[1] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[2] Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[3] Orel, Vladimir (1998) , “rris”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Cologne: Brill, →ISBN, page 387

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