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Reconstruction:Proto-Japonic/
kəpa
Language
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Edit
This
Proto-Japonic
entry contains
reconstructed terms and roots
. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly
attested
, but are hypothesized to have existed based on
comparative
evidence.
Contents
1
Proto-Japonic
1.1
Adjective
1.1.1
Descendants
1.2
References
Proto-Japonic
edit
Adjective
edit
*kəpa
hard
Descendants
edit
Old Japanese:
強し
(
ko
2
pa
)
Japanese:
強い
(
kowai
)
⇒
Japanese:
怖い
(
kowai
,
“
frightening, scary
”
)
Proto-Ryukyuan:
*kowa
,
*kopa
Northern Ryukyuan:
Kikai:
強さい
(
fubasai
)
Kunigami:
強ーせん
(
fupāsen
)
Northern Amami-Oshima:
強さり
(
xohasari
)
Okinawan:
強さん
(
kufasan
)
Oki-No-Erabu:
強さん
(
fāsan
)
Southern Amami-Oshima:
強ーさむっ
(
kwahāsam
)
Toku-No-Shima:
強さい
(
xuwasai
)
Yoron:
強さん
(
fupasan
)
Southern Ryukyuan:
Miyako:
強
(
kupa
)
Yaeyama:
強さん
(
kōsan
)
Yonaguni:
強ん
(
kwan
)
,
強ーん
(
kwān
)
References
edit
Martin, Samuel E. (
1987
)
The Japanese Language Through Time
, New Haven, London: Yale University Press,
→ISBN
, page
833