Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/bənər

This Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian

Reconstruction

Although the sound changes appear to be regular, these could represent separate innovations between Western Indonesian and Eastern Polynesian, with the similarity being accidental on account of final *-r. Note that the Philippine reflexes appear to be borrowed from Malay.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /bənər/

Adjective

*bənər

right, correct

Descendants

Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:
- Proto-Oceanic: *bonor
  - Proto-Polynesian: *pono
    - Proto-Eastern Polynesian:
      - Marquesic:
        Hawaiian: pono
        
        Mangarevan: ʻapono, popono
        
        North Marquesan: pono
      - Tahitic:
        Maori: pono
        
        Tahitian: pono
        
        Tuamotuan: pono
    - Western Polynesian:
      - Futunic:
        Pukapukan: pono
Western Malayo-Polynesian:
- Greater Barito:
  - Sama-Bajaw:
    - Mapun: bana, banna
    - Yakan: bennal
  - West Barito:
    - Ngaju: banar
- Proto-Philippine: *bənər
  - Central Luzon:
    - Kapampangan: banal
  - Greater Central Philippine:
    - Central Philippine:
      - Bikol Central: banal
      - Mansaka: bunnal
      - Tagalog: banal
      - Tausug: bunnal
    - Danao:
      - Iranun: benar
      - Maguindanao: benal
      - Maranao: benar
    - Manobo:
      - Western Bukidnon Manobo: benar
    - Palawan:
      - Southwest Palawano: banar
  - Northern Luzon:
    - Casiguran Dumagat Agta: banal
- Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands:
  - Batak:
    - Angkola Batak: bonar
    - Dairi Batak: benar
    - Karo Batak: benar
    - Mandailing Batak: bonar
    - Toba Batak: bonor
- Lampungic:
  - Abung: benor
- Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:
  - Bali–Sasak:
    - Balinese: beneh, benah
    - Sasak: bender
  - Madurese: bendher
  - Proto-Malayo-Chamic:
    - Proto-Chamic:
      - Acehnese: beuna
    - Proto-Malayic: *bənər
      - Iban: bendar
      - Kerinci: bene
      - Malay: benar
        Indonesian: benar
        → Tausug: bunnal
      - Minangkabau: bana
  - Sundanese: ᮘᮨᮔᮨᮁ (bener), beuneur
- Old Javanese: bener
  - Javanese: bener