Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/mVdr-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic edit

Noun edit

*mVdr- m

clod (of the earth, clay, bread etc.)

Inflection edit

Declension of *mVdr-

Case

Singular

Dual

Plural

Nominative

*mVdrum

*mVdrāna

plural stem + *-ūna

Genitive

*mVdrim

*mVdrayna

plural stem + *-īna

Accusative

*mVdram

possessive forms

1st person

*mVdrī / *mVdrVya

—

*mVdrVni

2nd person m

*mVdrVka

*mVdrVkumā / *mVdrVkumay

*mVdrVkum(ū)

2nd person f

*mVdrVki

*mVdrVkin(ā)

3rd person m

*mVdrVšu

*mVdrVšumā / *mVdrVšumay

*mVdrVšum(ū)

3rd person f

*mVdrVša

*mVdrVšin(ā)

Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible.

Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *mVdruya for nom. case, *mVdriya for gen. case, *mVdraya for acc. case, etc.

Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *mVdr-

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*mVdruka	*mVdrāka	plural stem + *-ūka
Genitive	*mVdrika	*mVdrayka	plural stem + *-īka
Accusative	*mVdraka	*mVdrayka	plural stem + *-īka

Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *mVdr-

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*mVdruki	*mVdrāki	plural stem + *-ūki
Genitive	*mVdriki	*mVdrayki	plural stem + *-īki
Accusative	*mVdraki	*mVdrayki	plural stem + *-īki

Descendants edit

East Semitic:
- Akkadian: 𒃻 (midrum, “lump of bread”)
West Semitic:
- Central Semitic:
  - Arabic: مَدَر (madar, “loam used for town buildings”)
  - Northwest Semitic:
    - Aramaic:
      Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: מִדְרָא (miḏrā)
      - Classical Syriac: ܡܶܕܪܳܐ (meḏrā)
    - Canaanite:
      - Biblical Hebrew: מֶדֶר (méder, méḏer)
  - Old South Arabian:
    - Sabaean: 𐩣𐩵𐩧 (mdr, “territory, ground”)
- Ethiopian Semitic:
  - Amharic: ምድር (mədr, “the earth”)
  - Ge'ez: ምድር (mədr, “earth, soil”)

References edit

Kogan, Leonid (2011) “Proto-Semitic Lexicon”, in Weninger, Stefan, editor, The Semitic Languages. An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft – Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science; 36), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 189, who apparently does not understand the Akkadian witnesses, saying “attestation of this root in Akkadian is uncertain”.