Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čisti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *(s)keistéi (mobile accent), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kʷeyt-. Cognate with Latvian šķist (“to think, to suppose”).

Verb

*čistì impf (frequentative *čitati)^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]

to count (determine the total number of)
Synonym: *ličiti
to divine
to read (to interpret, or infer a meaning, significance, thought, intention)
to pay attention, to pay heed, to notice, to perceive, to comprehend, to understand
to honour, to worship, to esteem, to respect

Inflection

Conjugation of *čisti, *čьte, *čьtetь (impf., -C-, _/ox-aorist, accent paradigm c)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*čьtenьje	*čisti	*čistъ	*čьtlъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*čьtenъ	*čьtomъ
Active	*čьtъ	*čьty

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*čьt(ox)ъ	*čьte	*čьte	*čьtǫ	*čьteši	*čьtetь
Dual	*čьt(ox)ově	*čьt(e/os)ta	*čьt(e/os)te	*čьtevě	*čьteta	*čьtete
Plural	*čьt(ox)omъ	*čьt(e/os)te	čьtǫ, čьtošę	*čьtemъ	*čьtete	*čьtǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*čьtěaxъ	*čьtěaše	*čьtěaše	—	*čьti	*čьti
Dual	*čьtěaxově	*čьtěašeta	*čьtěašete	*čьtěvě	*čьtěta	—
Plural	*čьtěaxomъ	*čьtěašete	*čьtěaxǫ	*čьtěmъ	*čьtěte	—

Derived terms

*čitati
*čislo (“number”)
*čьstь (“honour”)
*čьtъ (“account”)
- *otъčьtъ (“record, report”)
- *bezčьtъ (“infinity, countlessness”)
- *orzčьtъ (“calculation, estimation”)
*čьtьnъ (“even (for numbers)”)
- *bezčьtьnъ (“odd (for numbers)”)
*čьtеnъ (“readable, literate”)
*čьtеnьje (“reading”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: чисти (čisti), ⇒ чьсти (čĭsti), чести (česti)
  - ⇒ Ukrainian: чти́ти (čtýty)
  - ⇒ Russian: (obsolete, dialectal) честь (čestʹ), (bookish) чтить (čtitʹ)
- ⇒ Old Novgorodian: чьсти (čĭsti)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Old Cyrillic script: чисти (čisti)
  
  Glagolitic script: ⱍⰻⱄⱅⰻ (čisti)
  - Bulgarian: чета́ (četá)
  - Macedonian: чете (čete) (dialectal)
- Old Serbo-Croatian: čisti (attested 13-16 cent.)
  - ⇒ Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic script: (obsolete) ча̀тити, ча̀тати, чта̏ти, чти̏ти, чтјети, (dialectal) шти̏ти, штјети, штети
    
    Latin script: (obsolete) čàtiti, čàtati, čtȁti, čtȉti, čtjeti, (dialectal) štȉti, štjeti, šteti
- ⇒ Slovene: štéti, (dialectal) čtéti
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: čísti
  - Czech: číst
- Old Polish: czyść, ⇒ czcić
  - Polish: czyść (obsolete)
- Polabian: catĕ (3. sg. praes.)
- Pomeranian:
  - ⇒ Kashubian: tczëc

References

^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*čisti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 89: “v.”
^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “čisti: čьtǫ čьtetь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c læse, ære (PR 139)”
^ Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1976), “čisti”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volumes 2 (caca – davьnota), Wrocław: Ossolineum, page 206
^ Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1977), “*čisti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 4 (*čaběniti – *děľa), Moscow: Nauka, page 119