Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/židъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Likely through some Balkan Romance dialect, from Old Italian giudeo, from Latin iūdaeus.

The secondary meaning giant/mythical person is likely derived from the meaning Jew based on the Biblical tradition that Jews were the "chosen people" by God. Vasmer, nonetheless, presumes a native origin (see dial. Russian жиди (židi)).

Noun

*židъ m

1. Jew
2. giant, mythical person

   → (by generalization) mythical creature

Declension

Declension of *žìdъ (u-stem, accent paradigm a)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*žìdъ	*žìdy	*žìdove
Accusative	*žìdъ	*žìdy	*žìdy
Genitive	*žìdu	*žìdovu	*žìdovъ
Locative	*žìdū	*žìdovu	*žìdъxъ
Dative	*žìdovi	*žìdъma	*žìdъmъ
Instrumental	*žìdъmь	*žìdъma	*žìdъmī
Vocative	*žìdu	*žìdy	*žìdove

Declension of *žìdъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm a)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*žìdъ	*žìda	*žìdi
Accusative	*žìdъ	*žìda	*žìdy
Genitive	*žìda	*žìdu	*žìdъ
Locative	*žìdě	*žìdu	*žìdě̄xъ
Dative	*žìdu	*žìdoma	*žìdomъ
Instrumental	*žìdъmь, *žìdomь*	*žìdoma	*žìdȳ
Vocative	*žìde	*žìda	*žìdi

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Derived terms

• *židovьskъ (“Jewish”)
• *židovinъ (“Jewish person”)

Descendants

• East Slavic: жидъ (židŭ), жидинъ (židinŭ), жидовинъ (židovinŭ)
  • Belarusian: жыд (žyd)
  • Russian: жид (žid)
    • → Yiddish: זשיד‎ (zhid) (derogatory)
    • → Latvian: žīds (derogatory)
  • Ukrainian: жид (žyd)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic: жидовинъ (židovinŭ)

    Unspecified:

  • Bulgarian: жид (žid)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic: жи̏д, жидов, Жи̏д, Жидов

    Latin: žȉd, židov, Žȉd, Židov

  • → Old Hungarian: sydou
    • Hungarian: zsidó
  • → Romanian: jidov
  • Slovene: žȉd, Žȉd (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: žid, Žid
  • Polish: żyd, Żyd
  • Polabian: zaid
    • → Lithuanian: žỹdas
  • Slovak: žid, Žid
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: žyd, Žyd
    • Lower Sorbian: žid, Žid

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “жид”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “жиди”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
• Georgiev V. I., editor (1971), “жид”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 543