жид
Russian
editAlternative forms
edit- жидъ (žid) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
Etymology
editInherited from Old East Slavic жидъ (židŭ, “Jew”), from Proto-Slavic *židъ.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editжид • (žid) m anim (genitive жида́, nominative plural жиды́, genitive plural жидо́в, feminine жидо́вка, relational adjective жидо́вский, diminutive жидо́к or жидёнок)
- (offensive, ethnic slur) Jew, yid, kike
- 1919 [1873], Михаил Бакунин [Mikhail Bakunin], Государственность и aнархия (Избранные сочинения М. А. Бакунина в 5-ти томах; 1), page 133-134; English translation from chapter II, in Marshall Shatz, transl., Statism and Anarchy[1], 2005:
- Должно́ заме́тить одна́ко, что от э́того а́встрийская импе́рия сильне́е не сде́лалась. Она́ утра́тила настоя́щее сосредото́чие. Все не́мцы и жиды́ в импе́рии и́щут отны́не своего́ це́нтра в Берли́не.
- Dolžnó zamétitʹ odnáko, što ot étovo ávstrijskaja impérija silʹnéje ne sdélalasʹ. Oná utrátila nastojáščeje sosredotóčije. Vse némcy i židý v impérii íščut otnýne svojevó céntra v Berlíne.
- It should be noted, however, that the Austrian Empire has not thereby made itself stronger. It has lost its real focal point. All the Germans and Yids in the empire will henceforth gravitate toward Berlin.
- 1968, Константин Беляев [Konstantin Beljajev], Куплеты про евреев:
- Вошёл в трамва́й антисеми́т - сле́ва жид
И спра́ва жид.
Евре́и, евре́и, круго́м одни́ евре́и!
[…]
И е́сли в кра́не нет воды —
Во́ду вы́пили жиды́.
Евре́и, евре́и, круго́м одни́ евре́и...- Vošól v tramváj antisemít - sléva žid
I správa žid.
Jevréi, jevréi, krugóm odní jevréi!
[…]
I jésli v kráne net vody —
Vódu výpili židý.
Jevréi, jevréi, krugóm odní jevréi... - An anti-Semite got into a tram - a Yid on the left
And a Yid on the right.
Jews, Jews, everywhere only Jews...
[…]
If there's no water in the tap,
The Yids drank the water up.
Jews, Jews, everywhere only Jews...
- Vošól v tramváj antisemít - sléva žid
- (colloquial) niggard; miser
- Synonym: жа́дина (žádina)
Usage notes
edit- The term was originally neutral, standard in the official language up to the 19th century. In modern Russian, it has become a slur.
Declension
editDerived terms
edit- жидобанде́ровец (židobandérovec)
- жидо́вский (židóvskij)
- жидо́вствовать (židóvstvovatʹ)
- жидо́вствующий (židóvstvujuščij)
- жидовщина (židovščina)
- жидое́д (židojéd)
- жидо́к (židók)
- жидомасо́н (židomasón)
- жидомасо́нский (židomasónskij)
- Жидоста́н (Židostán)
- жидофашист (židofašist)
- жидёнок (židjónok)
- жидя́ра (židjára)
Descendants
edit- → Ingrian: žiidalain
Ukrainian
editEtymology
editFrom Old East Slavic жидъ (židŭ, “Jew”), from Proto-Slavic *židъ.
The offensive connotation of the word was influenced by such connotation in the Russian жид (žid).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editжид • (žyd) m pers (genitive жи́да, nominative plural жиди́, genitive plural жиді́в, feminine жиді́вка, relational adjective жиді́вський)
Usage notes
edit- Caution should be taken with the term. Although some people, particularly those belonging to older generations, consider it a regular, non-offensive term in Ukrainian, as it was historically, others consider it very offensive, possibly due to the Russian usage where the word is now considered offensive.
Declension
editsingular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | жид žyd |
жиди́ žydý |
genitive | жи́да žýda |
жиді́в žydív |
dative | жи́дові, жи́ду žýdovi, žýdu |
жида́м žydám |
accusative | жи́да žýda |
жиді́в žydív |
instrumental | жи́дом žýdom |
жида́ми žydámy |
locative | жи́дові, жи́ді žýdovi, žýdi |
жида́х žydáx |
vocative | жи́де žýde |
жиди́ žydý |
References
edit- Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “жид”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
- “жид”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
Categories:
- Russian terms inherited from Old East Slavic
- Russian terms derived from Old East Slavic
- Russian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Russian 1-syllable words
- Russian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Russian terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Russian/ɨt
- Rhymes:Russian/ɨt/1 syllable
- Russian lemmas
- Russian nouns
- Russian masculine nouns
- Russian animate nouns
- Russian offensive terms
- Russian ethnic slurs
- Russian terms with quotations
- Russian colloquialisms
- Russian hard-stem masculine-form nouns
- Russian hard-stem masculine-form accent-b nouns
- Russian nouns with accent pattern b
- Ukrainian terms inherited from Old East Slavic
- Ukrainian terms derived from Old East Slavic
- Ukrainian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Ukrainian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Ukrainian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ukrainian lemmas
- Ukrainian nouns
- Ukrainian masculine nouns
- Ukrainian personal nouns
- Ukrainian dated terms
- Ukrainian offensive terms
- Ukrainian hard masculine-form nouns
- Ukrainian hard masculine-form accent-c nouns
- Ukrainian nouns with accent pattern c