Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/ablъko

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

*àblъko

Etymology

From *ablo (“apple”) +‎ *-ъko.

Noun

*àblъko n

1. (originally) Diminutive of *ablo (“apple”)
2. apple

Declension

Declension of *àblъko (hard o-stem, accent paradigm a)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*àblъko	*àblъcě	*àblъka
Accusative	*àblъko	*àblъcě	*àblъka
Genitive	*àblъka	*àblъku	*àblъkъ
Locative	*àblъcě	*àblъku	*àblъcě̄xъ
Dative	*àblъku	*àblъkoma	*àblъkomъ
Instrumental	*àblъkъmь, *àblъkomь*	*àblъkoma	*àblъkȳ
Vocative	*àblъko	*àblъcě	*àblъka

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Related terms

nouns

• *ablonica f (“apple tree”)
• *ablonišče n (“apple orchard”)
• *ablonьje n (“apple trees”)
• *abloňa f (“apple tree”)
• *ablušьko n (diminutive)
• *ablъ m (“apple”)
• *ablъka f (“apple”)
• *ablъkъ m (“apple”)
• *abolnica f (“apple tree”)
• *abolnišče n (“apple orchard”)
• *abolnъ m (“some tree”)

 

adjectives

• *ablonevъ (“pertaining to apple trees”)
• *ablonьjь (“pertaining to apple trees”)
• *ablonьnъ (“pertaining to apple trees”)
• *ablonovъ (“pertaining to apple trees”)
• *ablъčьnъ (“pertaining to apples”)
• *ablъkovъ (“pertaining to apples”)
• *abolnьnъ (“pertaining to apple trees”)
• *abolnovъ (“pertaining to some tree”)

 

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: ꙗблъко (jablŭko)
    • Old Ruthenian: ꙗ́блоко (jábloko), ꙗ́блуко (jábluko), ꙗ́блыко (jáblyko), ꙗ́блеко (jábleko)
      • Rusyn: я́блоко (jábloko), я́бко (jábko)
      • Ukrainian: я́блуко (jábluko); я́блоко (jábloko), а́бко (ábko), я́блеко (jábleko) (dialectal)
    • Russian: я́блоко (jábloko) (see there for further descendants)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic: аблъко (ablŭko)

    Glagolitic: ⰰⰱⰾⱏⰽⱁ (ablŭko)

    • Church Slavonic: ꙗблъко (jablŭko) (Serbian recension)
    • → Old East Slavic: аблъко (ablŭko)
      • Old Ruthenian: а́блуко (ábluko)
  • Bulgarian: а́блъко (áblǎko), я́блъко (jáblǎko) (dialectal)
  • Macedonian: ја́болко (jábolko)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic: јабуко

    Latin: jabuko

  • Slovene: jábołko (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: jablko
    • Czech: jablko
  • Kashubian: jabkò, jabłkò
  • Polabian: jobťü
  • Old Polish: jabłko, jebłko
    • Polish: jabłko
    • → Old Ruthenian: ꙗ́блко (jáblko)
  • Slovak: jablko
  • Slovincian: jȧ̃pkɵ
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: jabłuko
    • Upper Sorbian: jabłuko

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1973), “яблоко”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 4, translated from German and supplemented by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress, page 539