Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gorьčica

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From *gorьkъ +‎ *-ica.

Noun

*gorьčica f

1. bitter appetizer
2. (by extension) mustard

Inflection

Declension of *gorьčica (soft a-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*gorьčica	*gorьčici	*gorьčicę̇
genitive	*gorьčicę̇	*gorьčicu	*gorьčicь
dative	*gorьčici	*gorьčicama	*gorьčicamъ
accusative	*gorьčicǫ	*gorьčici	*gorьčicę̇
instrumental	*gorьčicejǫ, *gorьčicǫ**	*gorьčicama	*gorьčicami
locative	*gorьčici	*gorьčicu	*gorьčicasъ, *gorьčicaxъ*
vocative	*gorьčice	*gorьčici	*gorьčicę̇

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Belarusian: гарчы́ца (harčýca)
  • Russian: горчи́ца (gorčíca)
    • → Yakut: горчица (gorcitsa)
  • Ukrainian: гірчи́ця (hirčýcja)
• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: горчи́ца (gorčíca)
  • Slovene: gọ̑rčica (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: hořčice
  • Polish: gorczyca
  • Slovak: horčica

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “горчи́ца”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress