Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/klětъka

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From *klětь +‎ *-ъka.

Noun

*klětъka f

1. cage, coop, cell

   Synonym: *kotьcь

Inflection

Declension of *klětъka (hard a-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*klětъka	*klětъcě	*klětъky
genitive	*klětъky	*klětъku	*klětъkъ
dative	*klětъcě	*klětъkama	*klětъkamъ
accusative	*klětъkǫ	*klětъcě	*klětъky
instrumental	*klětъkojǫ, *klětъkǫ**	*klětъkama	*klětъkami
locative	*klětъcě	*klětъku	*klětъkasъ, *klětъkaxъ*
vocative	*klětъko	*klětъcě	*klětъky

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: клѣтъка (klětŭka)
    • Belarusian: кле́тка (kljétka)
    • Russian: кле́тка (klétka)
    • Ukrainian: клі́тка (klítka)
      • → Polish: klitka
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: клѣтъка (klětŭka)

  • Bulgarian: кле́тка (klétka)
  • Macedonian: клетка (kletka)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: клетка, клијетка

    Latin script: kletka, klijetka

  • Slovene: klẹ̑tka (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • >? Czech: klícka
  • Kashubian: klôtka
  • Old Polish: klatka, kletka
    • Polish: klatka
    • Silesian: klŏtka
  • Slovak: klietka
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: klětka
    • Upper Sorbian: klětka

• Non-Slavic:
  • → Hungarian: kalitka

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “клеть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress