Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ъka

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

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Etymology

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    From Proto-Balto-Slavic *-kāˀ, from extended version of Proto-Indo-European *-keh₂, appended to thematic roots. The suffix could be attached to any stem (o-, u-, i-, or consonant). Cognate with Sanskrit -क (-ka).

    Suffix

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    *-ъka f

    1. Denominal, forms diminutives.
      Synonym: *-ica, *-ъlа (with additional derogatory flair)
      *mati (mother) + ‎*-ъka → ‎*matьka (mommy)
      *teta (aunt) + ‎*-ъka → ‎*tetъka (auntie)
      *gora (mountain) + ‎*-ъka → ‎*gorъka (small mountain, hill)
      *pǫpъ (belly button) + ‎*-ъka → ‎*pǫpъka (pimple)
      *kotъ (cat) + ‎*-ъka → ‎*kotъka (young cat)
      *bylьje (herb plant, medicine) + ‎*-ъka → ‎*bylьka (herb)
      *lъga (oval tool) + ‎*-ъka → ‎*lyžьka (spoon) (along with *lъžica)
      *vidla (pitchfork) + ‎*-ъka → ‎*vidlъka (fork) (along with *vidlica)
      *pala (stake, pole) + ‎*-ъka → ‎*palъka (cane, stick) (along with *palica)
    2. Deadjectival, denoting a carrier of the specified property.
      *bělъ (white) + ‎*-ъka → ‎*bělъka (something or somebody white)
      *čьrnъ (black) + ‎*-ъka → ‎*čьrnъka (something or somebody black)
      *bolь (painful) + ‎*-ъka → ‎*bolъka (acute pain)
      *polъ (half) + ‎*-ъka → ‎*polъka (one half; type of dance)
      *-měrъ (considerable, great) + ‎*-ъka → ‎*měrъka (measure, estimate)
    3. Deverbal, denoting a (feminine) agent or a tool performing the specified action or a result from the action.
      *prositi (to ask, to beg) + ‎*-ъka → ‎*prošьka (remission, pardon)
      *dojiti (to nurse, to give milk) + ‎*-ъka → ‎*dojьka (breast, wet-nurse)
      *krojiti (to cut, to shape) + ‎*-ъka → ‎*krojьka (embroidery, needlework)
      *brojiti (to count) + ‎*-ъka → ‎*brojьka (account, number)
      *bьrati (to gather, to pick) + ‎*-ъka → ‎*sъbirъka (gathering, assemblage)
      *pьrati (to propel) + ‎*-ъka → ‎*perъka (fin, propeller, vane (of a machine))
      *svirati (to play a music instrument) + ‎*-ъka → ‎*svirъka (flute)
    4. From numerals, denoting a set of the respective number. For numerals between 4 and 8, the supplementary *-orъ is affixed.
      *dъva (two) + ‎*-ъka → ‎*dvojьka (pair)
      *trьje (three) + ‎*-ъka → ‎*trojьka (triple)
      *četyre (four) + ‎*-ъka → ‎*četvorъka (set of four)
      *pętь (five) + ‎*-ъka → ‎*pętorъka (set of five)
      *desętь (ten) + ‎*-ъka → ‎*desętъka (decade)

    Alternative forms

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    • *-jьka (when attached to roots ending in *-j- or some i-stems)

    Declension

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    Derived terms

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    Descendants

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    • East Slavic:
      • Old East Slavic: -ъка (-ŭka)
        • Old Ruthenian: -ка (-ka)
        • Russian: -ка (-ka)
          • Solombala English: -ка (-ka)
    • South Slavic:
      • Old Church Slavonic:
        Cyrillic: -ъка (-ŭka)
        Glagolitic: -ⱏⰽⰰ (-ŭka)
      • Bulgarian: -ка (-ka)
      • Macedonian: -ка (-ka)
      • Serbo-Croatian:
        Cyrillic script: -ка
        Latin script: -ka
      • Slovene: -ka
    • West Slavic:
      • Czech: -ka
      • Polish: -ka
      • Polabian: -kă
      • Pomeranian:
        • Kashubian: -ka
        • Slovincian: -ka
      • Slovak: -ka
      • Sorbian:
        • Upper Sorbian: -ka
        • Lower Sorbian: -ka

    References

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    • Šekli, Matej (2012) “Besedotvorni pomeni samostalniških izpeljank v praslovanščini”, in Philological Studies[1] (in Slovene), volume 10, number 1, Skopje, Perm, Ljubljana, Zagreb, pages 115–32