Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/o(b)sada

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From *o(b)- +‎ *sadъ (“seat, setting”) + *-а, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sed- (“to sit”). Akin to Latin obsideō (“to besiege; to inhabit”).

Noun

*o(b)sada f

1. settlement, administrative unit (West Slavic)
2. siege (South and East Slavic)

   Synonym: *obloga

Declension

Declension of *o(b)sada (hard a-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*o(b)sada	*o(b)sadě	*o(b)sady
genitive	*o(b)sady	*o(b)sadu	*o(b)sadъ
dative	*o(b)sadě	*o(b)sadama	*o(b)sadamъ
accusative	*o(b)sadǫ	*o(b)sadě	*o(b)sady
instrumental	*o(b)sadojǫ, *o(b)sadǫ**	*o(b)sadama	*o(b)sadami
locative	*o(b)sadě	*o(b)sadu	*o(b)sadasъ, *o(b)sadaxъ*
vocative	*o(b)sado	*o(b)sadě	*o(b)sady

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Related terms

• *sěsti (“to sit down”)
• *sěděti (“to sit”)
• *saditi (“to plant”)
• *orzsadъ (“seedlings”)
• *posadъ (“saplings”)
• *nasaďenьje (“plantation”)

Derived terms

• *o(b)saditi (“to siege, to surround”)
• *o(b)sadьnъ (“sieged, surrounded”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: обсада (obsada)
  • Belarusian: aса́да (asáda, “nozzle”)
  • Russian: оса́да (osáda)
  • Ukrainian: оса́да (osáda, “settlement”)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: обсада (obsada)
  • Bulgarian: обсада (obsada)
  • Macedonian: опсада (opsada)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: о̏псада

    Latin script: ȍpsada

  • Slovene: osàd m
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: osada (“settlement”)
  • Kashubian: òsada (“settlement”)
  • Polish: obsada (“cast”), osada (“settlement”)
  • Slovak: osada (“settlement”)
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: wosada

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “осада”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (2002), “*obsada/*obsadъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 29 (*obpovědati – *obsojьnica), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 145
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., Duridanov, I. V., editors (1995), “обсаждам, обсадя”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 4 (мѝнго² – па̀дам), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 757