Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/orati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From earlier *orti, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *árˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂erh₃- (“to plough”).

Verb

*oràti impf

1. to plough

Conjugation

Conjugation of *orati, *ora, *ořetь (impf., -a/j-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Suffix: *-ati

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*oranьje	*orati	*oratъ	*oralъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*oranъ	*ořemъ
Active	*oravъ	*ořę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*oraxъ	*ora	*ora	*ořǫ	*ořeši	*ořetь
Dual	*oraxově	*orasta	*oraste	*ořevě	*ořeta	*ořete
Plural	*oraxomъ	*oraste	*orašę	*ořemъ	*ořete	*ořǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*oraaxъ	*oraaše	*oraaše	—	*oři	*oři
Dual	*oraaxově	*oraašeta	*oraašete	*ořivě	*ořita	—
Plural	*oraaxomъ	*oraašete	*oraaxǫ	*ořimъ	*ořite	—

Related terms

• *ordlo

Derived terms

• *ortati (“to serve, to struggle with work”)
  • *ortajь (“peon, servant, ploughman, farmer”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Belarusian: ара́ць (arácʹ)
  • Russian: ора́ть (orátʹ), 1sg. орю́ (orjú), 3sg. орёт (orjót) (archaic)
  • Ukrainian: ора́ти (oráty)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: орати (orati)
  • Bulgarian: ора́ (orá)
  • Macedonian: ора (ora)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: о̀рати, 1sg. о̏ре̄м

    Latin: òrati, 1sg. ȍrēm

    • Chakavian (Vrgada): orȁti, 2sg. ȍreš
    • Chakavian (Orbanići): orȁt, 3sg. orȅš
  • Slovene: oráti (tonal orthography), 1sg. orȃm, órjem (tonal orthography); órati (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: orati
    • Czech: orat
  • Kashubian: òrac
  • Polish: orać, 1sg. orzę
  • Slovak: orať