Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/ortь

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃er- (“to stir, rise”) + *-tь. Compare Latvian errueties (“get angry”).

Other Indo-European cognates include Ancient Greek ἔρις (éris, “quarrel”), ἐρίζω (erízō, “to challenge, to dispute”) and Sanskrit ऋति (ṛti, “attack”).

Noun

*ortь f

1. war, battle

   Synonyms: *bitva, *bitъka, *vojьna

Declension

Declension of *ȏrtь (i-stem, accent paradigm c)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ȏrtь	*ȏrti	*ȏrti
genitive	*ortí	*ortьjù, *orťu*	*ortь̀jь
dative	*ȏrti	*ortьmà	*ȏrtьmъ
accusative	*ȏrtь	*ȏrti	*ȏrti
instrumental	*ortьjǫ́	*ortьmà	*ortьmì
locative	*ortí	*ortьjù, *orťu*	*ȏrtьxъ
vocative	*orti	*ȏrti	*ȏrti

^* The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Derived terms

• *ortiti (“to battle”)
  • *ortišče (“spear, skewer”)
• *ortovati (“to fight, to stand for”)
• *ortьnъ (“combatant”)
  • *ortьnikъ (“warrior”)

Related terms

• *ernь (“malice”)
• *ertь (“contest”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Belarusian: раць (racʹ)
  • Russian: рать (ratʹ) (poetic, archaic)
  • Ukrainian: рать (ratʹ)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: рать (ratĭ)

    Glagolitic script: ⱃⰰⱅⱐ (ratĭ)

  • Bulgarian: рат (rat) (antiquated)
  • Macedonian: рат (rat) (archaic)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: ра̏т

    Latin script: rȁt

• West Slavic:
  • Czech: rať

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “рать”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Trubachyov, O., Zhuravlyov, A. F., editors (2005), “*ortь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 32 (*obžьnъ – *orzbotati), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 214
• Racheva, M., Todorov, T. A., editors (2002), “рат”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 6 (пỳскам – словàр²), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 189
• Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982–2012), “Proto-Slavic/ortь”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka