Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/rězъkъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Formed as *rězati (“to cut”) +‎ *-ъkъ, from Proto-Indo-European *wreh₁ǵ-. Could be also seen as k-extension of the athematic counter-part (u-stem) of *rězvъ (“frisky, quick, energetic”) (wo-stem).

Adjective

*rězъkъ

1. sharp, keen
2. sudden, abrupt

Declension

Indefinite declension of *rězъkъ (hard)

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ъ	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}a	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}o
genitive	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}a	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}y	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}a
dative	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}u	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ě	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}u
accusative	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ъ	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ǫ	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}o
instrumental	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}omь	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ojǫ	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}omь
locative	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ě	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ě	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ě
vocative	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}e	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}o	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}o
dual	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}a	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ě	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ě
genitive	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}u	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}u	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}u
dative	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}oma	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ama	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}oma
accusative	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}a	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ě	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ě
instrumental	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}oma	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ama	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}oma
locative	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}u	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}u	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}u
vocative	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}a	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ě	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ě
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}i	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}y	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}a
genitive	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ъ	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ъ	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ъ
dative	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}omъ	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}amъ	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}omъ
accusative	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}y	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}y	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}a
instrumental	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}y	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ami	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}y
locative	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ěxъ	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}axъ	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ěxъ
vocative	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}i	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}y	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}a

Definite declension of *rězъkъ (hard)

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ъjь	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}aja	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}oje
genitive	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ajego	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}yję̇	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ajego
dative	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ujemu	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ěji	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ujemu
accusative	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ъjь	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ǫjǫ	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}oje
instrumental	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}yjimь	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ǫjǫ	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}yjimь
locative	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ějemь	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ěji	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ějemь
vocative	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ъjь	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}aja	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}oje
dual	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}aja	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ěji	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ěji
genitive	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}uju	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}uju	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}uju
dative	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}yjima	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}yjima	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}yjima
accusative	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}aja	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ěji	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ěji
instrumental	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}yjima	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}yjima	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}yjima
locative	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}uju	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}uju	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}uju
vocative	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}aja	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ěji	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ěji
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}iji	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}yję̇	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}aja
genitive	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ъjixъ	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ъjixъ	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ъjixъ
dative	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}yjimъ	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}yjimъ	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}yjimъ
accusative	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}yję̇	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}yję̇	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}aja
instrumental	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}yjimi	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}yjimi	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}yjimi
locative	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}yjixъ	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}yjixъ	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}yjixъ
vocative	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}iji	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}yję̇	*{{{1}}}{{{2}}}aja

Related terms

• *rězъ (“edge, blade”)
• *razъ (“tact, dash”)
• *rězьcь (“cutter, incisor”)
• *rězakъ (“mark, scar; circumcised man”)
• *rězьnъ (“cut, carved”)
• *rězьlivъ (“semi-sharp”)

Derived terms

• *rězъko (“suddenly, without notice”) (adverb)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old Ruthenian: рѣзкїй (rězkij)
    • Belarusian: рэ́зкі (rézki)
    • Ukrainian: різки́й (rizkýj)
  • Russian: ре́зкий (rézkij)
• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: ря́зък (rjázǎk)
  • Macedonian: резок (rezok)
  • Slovene: rẹ́zek
• West Slavic:
  • Polish: rześki

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “резкий”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Racheva, M., Todorov, T. A., editors (2002), “рязък”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 6 (пỳскам – словàр²), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 386
• Snoj, Marko (2016) “rẹ́zek”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si