abrupt
EnglishEdit
EtymologyEdit
First attested in 1583. Borrowed from Latin abruptus (“broken off”), perfect passive participle of abrumpō (“break off”), formed from ab (“from, away from”) + rumpō (“to break”).[1][2]
PronunciationEdit
AdjectiveEdit
abrupt (comparative more abrupt or abrupter, superlative most abrupt or abruptest)
- (obsolete, rare) Broken away (from restraint). [Attested only in the late 16th century.][1]
- Without notice to prepare the mind for the event; sudden; hasty; unceremonious. [First attested in the late 16th century.][1]
- The party came to an abrupt end when the parents of our host arrived.
- 1592, William Shakespeare, Henry VI Part I, II-iii:
- The cause of your abrupt departure.
- 1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 76:
- There was something in this abrupt allusion to the treasured and hidden past, that at once shocked and silenced Norbourne. He was annoyed to find that his heart's sweetest secret was in the possession of one so little likely to keep it;...
- Curt in manner. [First attested in the late 16th century.][1]
- 1841 February–November, Charles Dickens, “Barnaby Rudge”, in Master Humphrey’s Clock, volume II, London: Chapman & Hall, […], →OCLC, chapter 12, page 301:
- With no great disparity between them in point of years, they were, in every other respect, as unlike and far removed from each other as two men could well be. The one was soft-spoken, delicately made, precise, and elegant; the other, a burly square-built man, negligently dressed, rough and abrupt in manner, stern, and, in his present mood, forbidding both in look and speech.
- Having sudden transitions from one subject or state to another; unconnected; disjointed. [First attested in the late 16th century.][1]
- 1641, Ben Jonson, Discoveries Made upon Men and Matter
- The abrupt style, which hath many breaches.
- 1641, Ben Jonson, Discoveries Made upon Men and Matter
- (obsolete) Broken off. [Attested from the early 17th century until the mid 18th century.][1]
- Extremely steep or craggy as if broken up; precipitous. [First attested in the early 17th century.][1]
- 1727, James Thomson, “Summer”, in The Seasons, London: […] A[ndrew] Millar, and sold by Thomas Cadell, […], published 1768, →OCLC:
- The mazy-running brook
Forms a deep pool; this bank abrupt and high.
- The mazy-running brook
- 1961 October, ""Voyageur"", “The Cockermouth, Keswick & Penrith Railway”, in Trains Illustrated, page 601:
- To the north the towering scree-strewn slopes of Saddleback begin to draw nearer as we start the abrupt descent towards Keswick.
- (botany) Suddenly terminating, as if cut off; truncate. [First attested in the early 19th century.][1]
SynonymsEdit
- (precipitous): broken, rough, rugged
- (without time to prepare): sudden; see also Thesaurus:sudden
- (uncivil): blunt, brusque
- (without transition): disconnected, unexpected
Derived termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
extremely steep
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without notice
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curt in manner
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having sudden transitions from one state to next
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botany: truncated
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked
VerbEdit
abrupt (third-person singular simple present abrupts, present participle abrupting, simple past and past participle abrupted)
- (transitive, archaic) To tear off or asunder. [First attested in the mid 17th century.][1]
- 1642, Tho[mas] Browne, “(please specify the page)”, in Religio Medici. […], 4th edition, London: […] E. Cotes for Andrew Crook […], published 1656, →OCLC:
- Till death abrupts them.
- To interrupt suddenly. [First attested in the mid 17th century.][1]
TranslationsEdit
to interrupt suddenly
|
NounEdit
abrupt (plural abrupts)
- (poetic) Something which is abrupt; an abyss. [First attested in the mid 17th century.][1]
- 1667, John Milton, “Book II”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:
- Over the vast abrupt.
TranslationsEdit
abyss
|
ReferencesEdit
- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 Lesley Brown, editor-in-chief; William R. Trumble and Angus Stevenson, editors (2002), “abrupt”, in The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles, 5th edition, Oxford; New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 8.
- ^ Philip Babcock Gove (editor), Webster's Third International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged (G. & C. Merriam Co., 1976 [1909], →ISBN), page 6
FrenchEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
AdjectiveEdit
abrupt (feminine abrupte, masculine plural abrupts, feminine plural abruptes)
- Extremely steep, near vertical
- curt and abrupt
- Done or said forwardly and without caution to avoid shocking
Derived termsEdit
Further readingEdit
- “abrupt”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
GermanEdit
EtymologyEdit
18th century, from Latin abruptus.
PronunciationEdit
AdjectiveEdit
abrupt (strong nominative masculine singular abrupter, comparative abrupter, superlative am abruptesten)
- abrupt
- sudden, unforeseen
- Synonyms: jäh, plötzlich, schlagartig
- unconnected, having sudden transitions, (of movements) jerking
- sudden, unforeseen
DeclensionEdit
Positive forms of abrupt
| number & gender | singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
| predicative | er ist abrupt | sie ist abrupt | es ist abrupt | sie sind abrupt | |
| strong declension (without article) |
nominative | abrupter | abrupte | abruptes | abrupte |
| genitive | abrupten | abrupter | abrupten | abrupter | |
| dative | abruptem | abrupter | abruptem | abrupten | |
| accusative | abrupten | abrupte | abruptes | abrupte | |
| weak declension (with definite article) |
nominative | der abrupte | die abrupte | das abrupte | die abrupten |
| genitive | des abrupten | der abrupten | des abrupten | der abrupten | |
| dative | dem abrupten | der abrupten | dem abrupten | den abrupten | |
| accusative | den abrupten | die abrupte | das abrupte | die abrupten | |
| mixed declension (with indefinite article) |
nominative | ein abrupter | eine abrupte | ein abruptes | (keine) abrupten |
| genitive | eines abrupten | einer abrupten | eines abrupten | (keiner) abrupten | |
| dative | einem abrupten | einer abrupten | einem abrupten | (keinen) abrupten | |
| accusative | einen abrupten | eine abrupte | ein abruptes | (keine) abrupten | |
Comparative forms of abrupt
Superlative forms of abrupt
Further readingEdit
Norwegian BokmålEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Latin abruptus (“broken off, torn; abrupt”), perfect passive participle of abrumpō (“break off”), from both ab- (“from, away from, off”), from ab (“from, away from, on, in”), from Proto-Italic *ab, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off, away”) + and from rumpō (“I break, burst”), from Proto-Italic *rumpō (“break, burst, tear”), from Proto-Indo-European *Hrunépti ~ *Hrumpénti (“to be breaking”), from *Hrewp- (“to break, tear (up)”) (with the infix *-né-), from *Hrew- (“to tear out, dig out, open, acquire”).
PronunciationEdit
AdjectiveEdit
abrupt (neuter singular abrupt, definite singular and plural abrupte, comparative mer abrupt, superlative mest abrupt)
- abrupt (having sudden transitions from one subject or state to another; unconnected; disjointed)
- 1976, Karsten Alnæs, Felttoget, page 14:
- han lignet en vadefugl, ikke bare i skikkelsen, men også gjennom den abrupte rykkende gangen
- he resembled a wader, not only in the figure, but also through the abrupt jerking passage
- 1993, Tor Ulven, Avløsning, page 47:
- i et abrupt glimt husker du … at du en gang sto slik
- in an abrupt glimpse you remember… that you once stood like that
- 2000, Pernille Rygg, Det gyldne snitt:
- ikke gråt, bare et siste, abrupt avklippet ynk
- not crying, just one last, abruptly clipped pity
- 2013, Erik Bjerck Hagen, Livets overskudd, page 107:
- Riis’ abrupte og prekære tilbaketog
- Riis' abrupt and precarious retreat
Derived termsEdit
- abrupthet (“abruptness”)
ReferencesEdit
RomanianEdit
EtymologyEdit
Borrowed from French abrupt, Latin abruptus.
PronunciationEdit
AdjectiveEdit
abrupt m or n (feminine singular abruptă, masculine plural abrupți, feminine and neuter plural abrupte)
DeclensionEdit
Declension of abrupt
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | neuter | feminine | masculine | neuter | feminine | ||
| nominative/ accusative |
indefinite | abrupt | abruptă | abrupți | abrupte | ||
| definite | abruptul | abrupta | abrupții | abruptele | |||
| genitive/ dative |
indefinite | abrupt | abrupte | abrupți | abrupte | ||
| definite | abruptului | abruptei | abrupților | abruptelor | |||
ReferencesEdit
- abrupt in DEX online - Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)
SwedishEdit
PronunciationEdit
AdjectiveEdit
abrupt
DeclensionEdit
| Inflection of abrupt | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Positive | Comparative | Superlative2 |
| Common singular | abrupt | — | — |
| Neuter singular | abrupt | — | — |
| Plural | abrupta | — | — |
| Masculine plural3 | abrupte | — | — |
| Definite | Positive | Comparative | Superlative |
| Masculine singular1 | abrupte | — | — |
| All | abrupta | — | — |
| 1) Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine. 2) The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative. 3) Dated or archaic | |||
AdverbEdit
abrupt