Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vьdova

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *widewāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁widʰéwh₂, possibly from *h₁weydʰh₁-.

Baltic cognates include Old Prussian widdewū (“widow”).

Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit विधवा (vidhavā, “widow”), विधु (vidhùṣ), Ancient Greek ἠΐθεος (ēḯtheos), Latin vidua f (“widow”), viduus, Old Irish fedb f, Gothic 𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌿𐍅𐍉 f (widuwō).

Also compare Lithuanian vidùs (“interior”), Latin dīvidō.

Noun

*vьdovà f^[1]^[2]^[3]

widow

Declension

Declension of *vьdovà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm b)
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*vьdovà	*vьdòvě	*vьdovỳ
genitive	*vьdovỳ	*vьdovù	*vьdòvъ
dative	*vьdově̀	*vьdovàma	*vьdovàmъ
accusative	*vьdovǫ̀	*vьdòvě	*vьdovỳ
instrumental	vьdovòjǫ, vьdòvǫ^**	*vьdovàma	*vьdovàmī
locative	*vьdově̀	*vьdovù	vьdovàsъ, vьdovàxъ^*
vocative	*vьdovo	*vьdòvě	*vьdovỳ

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Derived terms

*vьdovica

Related terms

*vьdovъ
- *vьdovьcь
- *vьdověti, *ovьdověti

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: въдова (vŭdova)
  - Belarusian: удава́ (udavá) / ўдава́ (ŭdavá)
  - Russian: вдова́ (vdová) (obsolete)
  - Ukrainian: вдова́ (vdová) / удова́ (udová) (obsolete)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Old Cyrillic script: въдова (vŭdova)
  
  Glagolitic script: ⰲⱏⰴⱁⰲⰰ (vŭdova)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  - Cyrillic script: у̀дова
  - Latin script: udova
- Slovene: vdȏva (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: vdova
  - Czech: vdova
- Old Polish: wdowa
  - Polish: wdowa
  - Silesian: gdowa
- Pomeranian:
  - Kashubian: gdowa, wdowa
- Slovak: vdova, bdova, gdova
- Sorbian:
  Upper Sorbian: wudowa
  
  Lower Sorbian: hudowa

References

^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*vьdova”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 536
^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “vьdova vьdovy”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b widow (NA 89, 141; SA 20, 171f.; PR 135)”
^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “vdova”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *vьdova̋”

Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “вдова”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
Chernykh, P. Ja. (1999) “вдова”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 136
Oleg Trubačóv (1959) “вдова”, in История славянских терминов родства [History of Slavic Kinship Terms] (in Russian), Moscow, page 112

[1] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*vьdova”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 536

[2] Olander, Thomas (2001) “vьdova vьdovy”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b widow (NA 89, 141; SA 20, 171f.; PR 135)”

[3] Snoj, Marko (2016) “vdova”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *vьdova̋”

[1]

[2]

[3]