Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/viniti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From *vina (“guilt”) +‎ *-iti.

Verb

*viniti

1. to blame

Conjugation

Conjugation of *viniti, *vini, *vinitь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*viňenьje	*viniti	*vinitъ	*vinilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*viňenъ	*vinimъ
Active	*viňь	*vinę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*vinixъ	*vini	*vini	*viňǫ	*viniši	*vinitь
Dual	*vinixově	*vinista	*viniste	*vinivě	*vinita	*vinite
Plural	*vinixomъ	*viniste	*vinišę	*vinimъ	*vinite	*vinętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*viňaaxъ	*viňaaše	*viňaaše	—	*vini	*vini
Dual	*viňaaxově	*viňaašeta	*viňaašete	*vinivě	*vinita	—
Plural	*viňaaxomъ	*viňaašete	*viňaaxǫ	*vinimъ	*vinite	—

Notes:
• (*)*vinivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old Ruthenian: винити (viniti)
    • Ukrainian: вини́ти (vynýty)
  • Russian: вини́ть (vinítʹ)
• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: виня́ (vinjá)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: viniti
    • Czech: vinit
  • Polish: winić
  • Slovak: viniť

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “извини́ться”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress