Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xytrъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Morphologically *xyt- +‎ *-rъ. The stem *xyt- is a zero-grade variant of *xvatiti (“to grasp, to catch”). Of the same origin is also Russian хищник (xiščnik, “predator”). Ultimately, the lemma likely shares the same origin as *xъtěti (“to want, to intend”).

Adjective

*xytrъ

1. cunning, sly, wise

Inflection

Accent paradigm b.

Indefinite declension of *xytrъ (hard)

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*xytrъ	*xytra	*xytro
genitive	*xytra	*xytry	*xytra
dative	*xytru	*xytrě	*xytru
accusative	*xytrъ	*xytrǫ	*xytro
instrumental	*xytromь	*xytrojǫ	*xytromь
locative	*xytrě	*xytrě	*xytrě
vocative	*xytre	*xytro	*xytro
dual	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*xytra	*xytrě	*xytrě
genitive	*xytru	*xytru	*xytru
dative	*xytroma	*xytrama	*xytroma
accusative	*xytra	*xytrě	*xytrě
instrumental	*xytroma	*xytrama	*xytroma
locative	*xytru	*xytru	*xytru
vocative	*xytra	*xytrě	*xytrě
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*xytri	*xytry	*xytra
genitive	*xytrъ	*xytrъ	*xytrъ
dative	*xytromъ	*xytramъ	*xytromъ
accusative	*xytry	*xytry	*xytra
instrumental	*xytry	*xytrami	*xytry
locative	*xytrěxъ	*xytraxъ	*xytrěxъ
vocative	*xytri	*xytry	*xytra

Definite declension of *xytrъ (hard)

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*xytrъjь	*xytraja	*xytroje
genitive	*xytrajego	*xytryję̇	*xytrajego
dative	*xytrujemu	*xytrěji	*xytrujemu
accusative	*xytrъjь	*xytrǫjǫ	*xytroje
instrumental	*xytryjimь	*xytrǫjǫ	*xytryjimь
locative	*xytrějemь	*xytrěji	*xytrějemь
vocative	*xytrъjь	*xytraja	*xytroje
dual	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*xytraja	*xytrěji	*xytrěji
genitive	*xytruju	*xytruju	*xytruju
dative	*xytryjima	*xytryjima	*xytryjima
accusative	*xytraja	*xytrěji	*xytrěji
instrumental	*xytryjima	*xytryjima	*xytryjima
locative	*xytruju	*xytruju	*xytruju
vocative	*xytraja	*xytrěji	*xytrěji
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*xytriji	*xytryję̇	*xytraja
genitive	*xytrъjixъ	*xytrъjixъ	*xytrъjixъ
dative	*xytryjimъ	*xytryjimъ	*xytryjimъ
accusative	*xytryję̇	*xytryję̇	*xytraja
instrumental	*xytryjimi	*xytryjimi	*xytryjimi
locative	*xytryjixъ	*xytryjixъ	*xytryjixъ
vocative	*xytriji	*xytryję̇	*xytraja

Derived terms

• *xytrostь
• *xytrьcь
• *xytrovati (“to palter, to finesse”)

Related terms

• *xvatъ (“grasp, catch”)
  • *xvatъka (“grip”)
  • *xvatiti (“to suffice”)
  • *xvaťati (“to catch”)
• Pre-Slavic *xytъ, *xutъ
  • *xutъkъ (“fast, agile”)
  • *xytiti (“to abduct, to snatch”)
  • *xyťьnъ (“predacious”)
  • *xyťьnikъ (“predator”)
• *xъtěti (possibly)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: хꙑтръ (xytrŭ)
    • Belarusian: хі́тры (xítry)
    • Russian: хи́трый (xítryj)
    • Ukrainian: хи́трий (xýtryj)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: хꙑтръ (xytrŭ)
  • Bulgarian: хи́тър (hítǎr)
  • Macedonian: итар (itar)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: хи̏тар

    Latin script: hȉtar

  • Slovene: híter (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: chytrý
    • Czech: chytrý
  • Polish: chytry
  • Slovak: chytrý
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: chětry
    • Lower Sorbian: chytšy

• Non-Slavic:
• → Yiddish: כיטרע (khitre)

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “хитрый”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress