Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/öpke

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Perhaps related to Manchu ᡠᡶᡠᡥᡠ (ufuhu, “lung”).

Noun

*öpke

1. lung
2. anger

Declension

Declension of *öpke

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*öpke
Accusative	*öpkeni, *öpkeg 4), *öpkenig 1)
Genitive	*öpkeniŋ
Dative	*öpkeke
Locative	*öpkede
Ablative	*öpkeden
Allative	*öpkegerü
Instrumental 2)	*öpken
Equative 2)	*öpkeče
Similative 2)	*öpkeleyü
Comitative 2)	*öpkeligü

¹⁾ Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
⁴⁾ Found in the Old Turkic era.

Descendants

• Oghur
  • Chuvash: ӳпке (üpke)
• Common Turkic: *öpke

• Oghuz
  • Old Anatolian Turkish:
    • Azerbaijani: öfgə, öxbə
    • Ottoman Turkish: اوفكه (öfke)
      • Gagauz: üfke
      • Turkish: öfke, öyken
  • Eastern
    • Turkmen: öýken
• Karluk
  • Karakhanid: [script needed] (öpke)
  • Eastern
    • Uyghur: ئۆپكە (öpke)
  • Western
    • Uzbek: oʻpka
• Kypchak
  • West Kipchak
    • Crimean Tatar: öpke
    • Karachay-Balkar: ёпке (öpke)
    • Kumyk: оьпке (öpke)
  • South Kipchak
    • Karakalpak: o'kpa'
    • Kazakh: өкпе (ökpe)
    • Nogai: оьпке (öpke)
  • East Kipchak
    • Kyrgyz: өпкө (öpkö)
    • Southern Altai: ӧкпӧ (ökpö)
  • North Kipchak
    • Bashkir: үпкә (üpkə)
    • Tatar: үпкә (üpkä)
• Siberian
  • Old Turkic: [script needed] (öpke) (Yenisei)
  • Sayan
    • Tofa: өъкпэ (ö"kpe)
    • Tuvan: өкпе (ökpe)
    • Dukhan: öʰkpe
  • Yenisei
    • Khakas: ӧкпе
    • Western Yugur: üʰkpi

Further reading

• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 9
• Sevortjan, E. V. (1974) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume 1, Moscow: Nauka, page 540
• Tenišev E. R., editor (2001), Sravnitelʹno-istoričeskaja grammatika tjurkskix jazykov: Leksika [Comparative Historical Grammar of Turkic Languages: Lexis] (in Russian), volume 4, Moscow: Nauka, pages 276-277
• Jegorov, V. G. (1964) “ӳпке”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ čuvašskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Chuvash Language] (in Russian), Cheboksary: Čuvašskoje knižnoje izdatelʹstvo, page 280