Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/īŕ

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative reconstructions

• *ï̄ŕ

Etymology

From *id- (“to walk”) +‎ *-ŕ.

Noun

*īŕ

1. trace

Declension

Declension of *īŕ

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*īŕ
Accusative	*īŕni, *īŕig 4), *īŕnig 1)
Genitive	*īŕniŋ
Dative	*īŕke
Locative	*īŕte
Ablative	*īŕten
Allative	*īŕgerü
Instrumental 2)	*īŕin
Equative 2)	*īŕče
Similative 2)	*īŕleyü
Comitative 2)	*īŕligü

¹⁾ Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
⁴⁾ Found in the Old Turkic era.

Derived terms

• *īŕ-an (“furrow”)
• *īŕ-te- (“to seek”)
• *īŕ-le- (“to watch”)

Descendants

• Oghur:
  • Chuvash: йӑр (jăr)
• Common Turkic:

• Oghuz:
  • Old Anatolian Turkish:
    • Azerbaijani: iz
    • Ottoman Turkish:
      • Turkish: iz
      • Gagauz: yiz
  • Turkmen: yz (y:z)
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: [script needed] (iz)
    • Uzbek: iz
    • Uyghur: ئىز (iz)
• Kipchak:
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: эҙ (eź)
    • Tatar: эз (ez)
  • East Kipchak:
    • Crimean Tatar: iz
    • Kumyk: гьыз (hız)
    • Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (ız)
    • Karaim: [script needed] (ız)
  • South Kipchak:
    • Caspian:
      • Karakalpak: iz
      • Kazakh: із (ız)
      • Nogai: [script needed] (iz)
    • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
      • Kyrgyz: из (iz)
      • Southern Altai: [script needed] (is)
• Siberian:
  • Old Uyghur: [script needed] (iz)
    • Western Yugur: is
  • South Siberian:
    • Sayan:
      • Tuvan: ис (is)
    • Yenisei:
      • Khakas: