из
BulgarianEdit
EtymologyEdit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьz.
PronunciationEdit
PrepositionEdit
из • (iz)
- in, through, around (a location)
- (archaic or dialectal, except in idioms) from, out of
- вали́ като́ из ведро́
- valí kató iz vedró
- it's raining cats and dogs
- (literally, “it's raining as if from a bucket”)
- из ден в ден
- iz den v den
- (1) every day, continuously; (2) day by day, more each day
- (literally, “from day to day”)
- (archaic or dated) along, by (a location)
IngushEdit
EtymologyEdit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
из • (iz)
DeclensionEdit
Ingush personal pronouns | ||||
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Singular | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |
Nominative | со (so) | хьо (ḥʳo) | из (iz) | |
Genitive | са (sa) | хьа (ḥʳa) | цун (cun) | |
Dative | со̄на (soona) | хьо̄на (ḥʳoona) | цунна (cunna) | |
Ergative | а̄з (aaz) | ӏа (ˀa) | цо̄ (coo) | |
Allative | со̄га (sooga) | хьо̄га (ḥʳooga) | цунга (cunga) | |
Ablative | со̄гара (soogara) | хьо̄гара (ḥʳoogara) | цунгара (cungara) | |
Instrumental | со̄ца (sooca) | хьо̄ца (ḥʳooca) | цунца (cunca) | |
Lative | сох (sox) | хьох (ḥʳox) | цунах (cunax) | |
Comparative | сол (sol) | хьол (ḥʳol) | цул (cul) | |
Plural | 1st person (excl) | 2nd person | 3rd person | |
Nominative | тхо (txo) | шо (šo) | уж (už) | |
Genitive | тха (txa) | шун (šun) | ца̄р (caar) | |
Dative | тхо̄на (txoona) | шоана (šoana) | ца̄рна (caarna) | |
Ergative | оаха (oaxa) | оаш (oaš) | ца̄ра (caara) | |
Allative | тхо̄га (txooga) | шуга (šuga) | ца̄рга (caarga) | |
Ablative | тхо̄гара (txoogara) | шугара (šugara) | ца̄ргара (caargara) | |
Instrumental | тхо̄ца (txooca) | шуца (šuca) | ца̄рца (caarca) | |
Lative | тхох (txox) | шух (šux) | ца̄рех (caarex) | |
Comparative | тхол (txol) | шул (šul) | ца̄рел (caarel) | |
Plural | 1st person (incl) | |||
Nominative | вай (vaj) | |||
Genitive | вай (vaj) | |||
Dative | вайна (vajna) | |||
Ergative | вай (vaj) | |||
Allative | вайга (vajga) | |||
Ablative | вайгара (vajgara) | |||
Instrumental | вайца (vajca) | |||
Lative | вайх (vajx) | |||
Comparative | вайл (vajl) | |||
An exclusive form is a form that excludes the person being addressed. An inclusive form is a form that includes the person being addressed. |
ReferencesEdit
- Nichols, Johanna (2004), “из”, in Ingush–English and English–Ingush Dictionary, London and New York: Routledge, page 17
Komi-PermyakEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Permic [Term?]. Cognates include Komi-Zyrian из (iz).
NounEdit
из • (iz)
Komi-ZyrianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Permic [Term?]. Cognates include Komi-Permyak из (iz).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
из • (iz)
DeclensionEdit
Declension of из (stem: изй-) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | из (iz) | изъяс (izjas) | |
accusative | I* | из (iz) | изъяс (izjas) |
II* | изйӧс (izjös) | изъясӧс (izjasös) | |
instrumental | изйӧн (izjön) | изъясӧн (izjasön) | |
comitative | изкӧд (izköd) | изъяскӧд (izjasköd) | |
caritive | изтӧг (iztög) | изъястӧг (izjastög) | |
consecutive | изла (izla) | изъясла (izjasla) | |
genitive | излӧн (izlön) | изъяслӧн (izjaslön) | |
ablative | излысь (izlyś) | изъяслысь (izjaslyś) | |
dative | излы (izly) | изъяслы (izjasly) | |
inessive | изйын (izjyn) | изъясын (izjasyn) | |
elative | изйысь (izjyś) | изъясысь (izjasyś) | |
illative | изйӧ (izjö) | изъясӧ (izjasö) | |
egressive | изсянь (izśań) | изъяссянь (izjasśań) | |
approximative | излань (izlań) | изъяслань (izjaslań) | |
terminative | изйӧдз (izjödź) | изъясӧдз (izjasödź) | |
prolative | I | изйӧд (izjöd) | изъясӧд (izjasöd) |
II | изті (izti) | изъясті (izjasti) | |
*) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I. |
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ReferencesEdit
- Bubrikh, Dmitry V. (1949) Грамматика литературного коми языка [Grammar of the literary Komi language] (in Russian), Leningrad: Zhdanov Leningrad State University, page 31
- L. M. Beznosikova; E. A. Ajbabina; R. I. Kosnyreva (2000) Коми-русский словарь [Komi-Russian dictionary], →ISBN, page 235
KyrgyzEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Turkic *īŕ. Compare to Southern Altai ис (is), Turkish iz.
NounEdit
из • (iz)
Old Church SlavonicEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Slavic *jьz, from Proto-Indo-European *eǵʰs, *h₁eǵʰs. Cognate with Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian and Slovene iz, Russian из (iz).
PrepositionEdit
из • (iz)
RussianEdit
Alternative formsEdit
- изъ (iz) – Pre-reform orthography (1918)
- и́зо (ízo) (before certain consonant clusters)
EtymologyEdit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьz, from Proto-Indo-European *eǵʰs, *h₁eǵʰs.
PronunciationEdit
- IPA(key): [ɪz] (before vowels and voiced consonants)
- IPA(key): [ɪs] (before voiceless consonants)
- IPA(key): [ˈiz] (when stressed, before vowels and voiced consonants)
- IPA(key): [ˈis] (when stressed, before voiceless consonants)
audio (file)
PrepositionEdit
из • (iz) (+ genitive case)
- from
- out of
- of, through
- из не́нависти
- iz nénavisti
- through hatred
Related termsEdit
Serbo-CroatianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Slavic *jьz, from Proto-Indo-European *eḱs (“out of”), *eǵʰs, *h₁eǵʰs.
PronunciationEdit
PrepositionEdit
из (Latin spelling iz)
- (+ genitive case) from, out of
- Петар је из Подгорице. ― Petar is from Podgorica.
- изаћи из собе ― to go out of the room
- piti iz čaše ― to drink from a glass
- доћи из Америке ― to come from America
- (+ genitive case) Used in miscellaneous expressions that refer to some source or origin; for, because of, out of
- из навике ― out of habit
- из непознатог разлога ― for whatever reason
- из љубави ― out of love
- из искуства ― from experience
- из прикрајка ― stealthily
- из страха ― from fear
- испит из математике ― math test (literally, “test out of math”)
- семинар из биологије ― biology seminar
- (colloquial, regional) (+ instrumental case) with, together with, along with
- ići iz njim ― to go with him
UdmurtEdit
EtymologyEdit
A Permic word.
NounEdit
из • (iz)